Новый аттенуированный штамм Mycobacterium tuberculosis BN. Характеристика, вакцинные свойства

The objective of the study: to obtain a live attenuated strain and investigate its properties by multiple cultures of the virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.Subjects and Methods. The original virulent strain H37Rv was subcultured 70 times in 7H9 liquid medium. Genetic properties of the new strain, degree of avirulence, and vaccine properties were studied.Results. Mycobacteria of the new strain MtbBN lost their virulence to inbred mice. Eight mutations were identified by whole genome sequencing: single nucleotide insertions and deletions (in/del) distinguishing the MtbBN and H37Rv strains. The MtbBN strain demonstrated vaccine potential at the BCG level. Additionally, in some genetic models, the attenuated strain was highly effective in protecting inbred mice when infected with Mtb H37Rv as opposed to BCG.Цель исследования: получить живой аттенуированный штамм и исследовать его свойства путем многократных пересевов вирулентного штамма Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.Материалы и методы. Исходный вирулентный штамм H37Rv последовательно пересевали 70 раз на жидкой среде 7H9. Изучали генетические свойства нового штамма, степень авирулентности и вакцинные свойства.Результаты. Микобактерии нового штамма MtbBN утратили вирулентность по отношению к инбредным мышам. С помощью метода полногеномного секвенирования выявлено восемь мутаций: однонуклеотидных вставок и делеций (in/del), различающих штаммы MtbBN и H37Rv. Штамм MtbBN проявил вакцинный потенциал на уровне БЦЖ. Кроме того, в некоторых генетических моделях аттенуированный штамм высокоэффективно защищал инбредных мышей при заражении Mtb H37Rv в отличие от БЦЖ

EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF INFORMATION CHALLENGE

The article presents an analysis of changes in the basic orientations of the education system in the information age, in the context of dialogue of cultures and transdisciplinarity of scientific research. In these conditions education should be a continuous process, a way of life (activity) of each person, his self-education, self-creation. Therefore, the most important task of school is the development of students' ability to learn and form their need for self-education. To solve this problem it is necessary to create an innovative school, creative (dialogical) pedagogy, and a complex multifunctional educational environment. As one of the tools of creative pedagogy a pilot innovation project of a social science textbook for secondary school was offered at the School of Public Administration Lomonosov Moscow State University

Medico-genetic counseling in primary arrhythmia prevention

Aim. To assess the role of medico-genetic counseling in diagnostics of the insufficiently explored premature ventricular complex (PVC) syndrome. Material and methods. Medico-genetic counseling and prospective follow-up (1973-present) was performed in the families of 36 patients with Wolf-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome (222 relatives examined), and in the families of 40 patients with Clerc-Levy-Cristesco (CLC) syndrome (227 relatives examined). Results. PVC phenomenon in I-IV line relatives was regarded as a manifestation of hereditary arrhythmia predis-position and an indication for preventive measures, electrocardiographic assessment included. Healthy relatives were examined at least every 6-months, then once per year, including psychotherapeutic counseling on lifestyle modification. During the 30-year follow-up period, PVC patients’ relatives complying with healthy lifestyle recommendations did not have any complaints and regarded themselves as healthy persons. Conclusion. Therefore, medico-genetic counseling is the most sensitive method for PVC syndrome diagnostics. Widely available psychotherapeutic counseling on healthy lifestyle facilitates the healthy status maintenance in III-IV line relatives