Performance of chitosan: jasmine oil microcapsule on jute fabric

Chitosan: jasmine oil based microcapsule has been prepared bycoacervation method and then applied on bleached jute fabric bypad-dry-cure method. The performance of fragrance finishedjute fabrics has been assessed by physical properties, subjectiveassessment, scanning electron microscope, percentage moistureregain (%), fourier transform infrared spectrum, durability againsthome laundering and handle property. Morphological studiesconfirm that the chitosan: jasmine oil microcapsule of 100 microndimension has formed. Performance properties show that thechitosan: jasmine oil microcapsule can be fixed on the surface ofjute fabric and the fragrance is sustained up to five homelaundering

Effect of lac treatment on mechanical properties of jute fabric /polyester resin based biocomposite

An attempt has been made to dissolve lac in methanol / sodium hydroxide solution and to use this lac solution as a coupling agent for jute fabric. Lac treated jute fabric has been used to reinforce the unsaturated polyester resin (USP). Flexural strength and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) of lac modified jute/USP biocomposite have been evaluated and then compared with sodium hydroxide treated jute as well as untreated jute based biocomposites. Lac treated jute fabric shows higher flexural properties of the biocomposite than that of untreated jute fabric, which infers that lac acts as a good compatibliser between jute fibre and USP. Lac treatment on jute fabric enhances the flexural properties of biocomposite better in alkaline medium than in solvent medium. It is concluded that lac treatment can be used to improve the flexural and ILSS properties of jute / thermoset resin based biocomposite

Relationship between morphology and tensile properties of pig hair fibre

The surface and cross-sectional features of hair fibres from four different breeds of pigs has been evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The cross-section of the pig hair is modelled into an ellipse and the elliptical features of the fibre are correlated with its tensile properties. Surface scales in pig hair are arranged in imbricate type, crenate pattern and spaced at a mean distance of 4.58±0.24μm. Overall mean eccentricity, flattening, focus, area and angular eccentricity of pig hair fibre is found to be 0.60±0.09, 0.25±0.07, 195.16±33.68μm, and 0.06±0.01mm2 and 38.24±6.61 ° respectively. The ellipticity parameters are positively correlated with tensile properties (tenacity, extensibility, initial modulus and work of rupture) of the fibre. The specific flexural rigidity is negatively correlated with the ellipticity of the fibre, suggesting that the elliptical fibres may be more flexible than the fibres with circular cross-section

Complete genomic sequence analysis of infectious bronchitis virus Ark DPI strain and its evolution by recombination

An infectious bronchitis virus Arkansas DPI (Ark DPI) virulent strain was sequenced, analyzed and compared with many different IBV strains and coronaviruses. The genome of Ark DPI consists of 27,620 nucleotides, excluding poly (A) tail, and comprises ten open reading frames. Comparative sequence analysis of Ark DPI with other IBV strains shows striking similarity to the Conn, Gray, JMK, and Ark 99, which were circulating during that time period. Furthermore, comparison of the Ark genome with other coronaviruses demonstrates a close relationship to turkey coronavirus. Among non-structural genes, the 5'untranslated region (UTR), 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) and the polymerase (RdRp) sequences are 100% identical to the Gray strain. Among structural genes, S1 has 97% identity with Ark 99; S2 has 100% identity with JMK and 96% to Conn; 3b 99%, and 3C to N is 100% identical to Conn strain. Possible recombination sites were found at the intergenic region of spike gene, 3'end of S1 and 3a gene. Independent recombination events may have occurred in the entire genome of Ark DPI, involving four different IBV strains, suggesting that genomic RNA recombination may occur in any part of the genome at number of sites. Hence, we speculate that the Ark DPI strain originated from the Conn strain, but diverged and evolved independently by point mutations and recombination between field strains

The Replicase Gene of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Is a Determinant of Pathogenicity

We have previously demonstrated that the replacement of the S gene from an avirulent strain (Beaudette) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an S gene from a virulent strain (M41) resulted in a recombinant virus (BeauR-M41(S)) with the in vitro cell tropism of the virulent virus but that was still avirulent. In order to investigate whether any of the other structural or accessory genes played a role in pathogenicity we have now replaced these from the Beaudette strain with those from M41. The recombinant IBV was in effect a chimaeric virus with the replicase gene derived from Beaudette and the rest of the genome from M41. This demonstrated that it is possible to exchange a large region of the IBV genome, approximately 8.4 kb, using our transient dominant selection method. Recovery of a viable recombinant IBV also demonstrated that it is possible to interchange a complete replicase gene as we had in effect replaced the M41 replicase gene with the Beaudette derived gene. Analysis of the chimaeric virus showed that it was avirulent indicating that none of the structural or accessory genes derived from a virulent isolate of IBV were able to restore virulence and that therefore, the loss of virulence associated with the Beaudette strain resides in the replicase gene

Improving the performance of starch film by engineering the interaction of nanocrystalline cellulose fillers with starch molecules

Starch as a renewable and biodegradable polymer, is an essential alternative to synthetic polymers in production of films for food packaging and agricultural mulching applications. The major problem with the plasticized starch is its increased permeability to water vapor and oxygen and its low strength. To improve these properties, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which has the Young’s modulus as high as 134 GPa, has been tried as nanofillers. The major concern in preparation of nanocomposites is the uniform distribution of nanofillers within the starch molecules, which in turn decides their performance characteristics. In this work, we have prepared NCC from microcrystalline cellulose by high pressure homogenization process. Due to high surface energy and hydrophilicity of formed NCC particles, they tend to form aggregates in water. To prevent this, during homogenization, solubilized starch was added as stabilizers. The starch macromolecule stabilized the formed NCC by steric hindrance. The average diameter of nanocellulose prepared without starch was 197.8 ± 4.0 nm (Polydispersity index: 0.239) while that of stabilized by starch was 391.7 ± 36.2 nm (Polydispersity index: 0.458). The increased size corresponds to the coating layer formed by starch molecules. To prepare starch film, soluble starch (4%) having glycerol (2%) as plasticizing agent were gelatinized by stirring in hot plate. For nanocomposite starch film, the nanocellulose was added in varying concentrations (2% and 4%) to starch / glycerol solution and mixed using a high speed mixer for uniform distribution. These solutions were casted on Teflon plates and dried at 50 ºC, overnight. The uniformity of distribution of NCC in the starch film was analyzed by FTIR at multiple locations of the film. Starch stabilized NCC showed comparatively uniform distribution throughout the film surface. The crystalline structure of NCC has profound effect on the performance characteristics of nanocomposites films. So, the percent change in its crystallinity (1α and 1β) is being analyzed during the various steps in processing of the nanocomposites. The water vapor permeability and mechanical strength analysis of films are in progress

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Not AvailableAloevera, chitosan, and curcumin were applied in alone and in combination with each others on cotton, wool and rabbit hair by exhaustion method for the assessment of their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these natural ingredients was better in peroxide treated cotton, formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrates than their corresponding intact ones. Aloevera shown better antimicrobial activity than chitosan and curcumin when applied alone and its antimicrobial activity was enhanced by addition of both chitosan and curcumin. The application of aloevera+chitosan+curcumin combination on peroxide treated cotton and formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrate was fast up to twenty five washing cycles.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableNatural dues from plant sources are preferred for coloration of woolen textiles and they give dark and dull colors. Development of a woolen carpet with elegant and vivid colors from natural dyes is still scanty. Natural dye from Coccus Cacti called cochineal was extracted by aqueous extraction method and applied on woolen yarn in presence of five different mordants in single and combination forms. Without mordanting, cochineal dye gave bluish purple color and after mordanting, it gave range of colors from scarlet red to black colors on woolen yarn. If two mordants are applied, the final color will depend on the chelating property of dominant mordant. The dominant mordant forms more amount of coordination complex preferentially with the cochineal dye than other mordants. Woolen yarn dyed with cochineal dye in presence of single and dual mordants, showed moderate (grade 3) to very good (grade 4-5) washing fastness and moderate (grade 5) to excellent (grade 7-8) light fastness properties. It is concluded that natural dye extracted from cochineal has potential to produce selective elegant colors on woolen yarn that can improve the aesthetic value of the woolen carpet.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableCellulosic fibres have hydrophilic property due to the presence of free hydroxyl groups; however, surface functionalization can be used to develop water repellent textiles. Jute is a lignocellulosic fibre and mainly utilised for sacking and hessian due to its stiffness nature. Works on the development of water repellent jute textiles are limited. Work has been carried by applying silica nano sol cum water repellent functional finishing on a bleached jute fabric by pad!dry!cure method. The physical, chemical, morphological, functional, handle and mechanical properties of control and nanocomposite finished jute fabrics were evaluated. Results revealed that silica nanocomposite finished jute fabric has attained the desirable hydrophobic functionality with 138.6 water contact angle, 17 sliding angle and 10.3 water contact angle hysteresis with semi-durable washing durability.ICAR-NINFE

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Silk and Cotton Textiles Using Combination of Three Natural Colorants

Silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with combination of three colorants extracted from Acacia catechu (AC), Alkanna tinctoria (AT), and Curcuma Longa (CL) in nine different formulations at 80°C by exhaustion method without mordanting. Dyed samples were evaluated for color value and washing fastness. The biodegradability of dye bath effluent was assessed by measuring the pH, TDS and COD of the residual dye bath liquor. It is inferred that the final color of dyed fabrics from each formulation is governed by the dominant natural dye in the dyeing combination. K/S values inferred that the exhaustion of natural dye is higher in silk fabric than cotton fabric in all formulations. It could be concluded that in the dyeing combination, colorant that have very good affinity towards the functional groups of fibers, itself acts as mordant for other natural colorants