Risk factors of periodontitis: Diabetes, smoking and family history

In this thesis, the prevalence of risk factors is explored among patients with periodontitis, with a particular focus on diabetes, smoking status, and family history of periodontitis. With as additional aim to shed light on the association between diabetes and tooth loss, and provide recommendations to prevent this from occurring. The findings challenge the commonly held belief that periodontitis and diabetes are strongly linked. Through an evaluation of over 5000 referred periodontitis patients in the Netherlands, it was found that the percentage of patients with diabetes was relatively low compared to national prevalence rate. While a systematic review of the literature suggested a higher prevalence and chance of diabetes in patients with periodontitis. However, the included studies with a high prevalence were primarily conducted in Asia. In Europe, the diabetes prevalence among patients with periodontitis was approximately 4.3%, which supports doubts about the presumed connection. The results do suggest that diabetic patients face a slightly higher risk of tooth loss and edentulousness compared to those without diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that oral health care providers give special attention to patients with diabetes to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. Furthermore, the results indicates that smokers and individuals with a family history of periodontitis should also receive extra attention from their oral health care provider, as these factors are significantly associated with a higher rate of periodontitis. Overall, the thesis offers important insights into the risk factors associated with periodontitis and provides valuable recommendations for preventing tooth loss and promoting good oral health

Risk factors of periodontitis: Diabetes, smoking and family history

In this thesis, the prevalence of risk factors is explored among patients with periodontitis, with a particular focus on diabetes, smoking status, and family history of periodontitis. With as additional aim to shed light on the association between diabetes and tooth loss, and provide recommendations to prevent this from occurring. The findings challenge the commonly held belief that periodontitis and diabetes are strongly linked. Through an evaluation of over 5000 referred periodontitis patients in the Netherlands, it was found that the percentage of patients with diabetes was relatively low compared to national prevalence rate. While a systematic review of the literature suggested a higher prevalence and chance of diabetes in patients with periodontitis. However, the included studies with a high prevalence were primarily conducted in Asia. In Europe, the diabetes prevalence among patients with periodontitis was approximately 4.3%, which supports doubts about the presumed connection. The results do suggest that diabetic patients face a slightly higher risk of tooth loss and edentulousness compared to those without diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that oral health care providers give special attention to patients with diabetes to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. Furthermore, the results indicates that smokers and individuals with a family history of periodontitis should also receive extra attention from their oral health care provider, as these factors are significantly associated with a higher rate of periodontitis. Overall, the thesis offers important insights into the risk factors associated with periodontitis and provides valuable recommendations for preventing tooth loss and promoting good oral health

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in people clinically diagnosed with periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are complex chronic diseases with an established bidirectional relationship. This systematic review evaluated in subjects with professionally diagnosed periodontitis the prevalence and odds of having diabetes. Methods: The MEDLINE-PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among subjects with periodontitis was extracted or if possible calculated. Results: From the 803 titles and abstracts that came out of the search, 27 papers met the initial criteria. Prevalence of diabetes was 13.1% among subjects with periodontitis and 9.6% among subjects without periodontitis. Based on subanalysis, for subjects with periodontitis, the prevalence of diabetes was 6.2% when diabetes was self-reported, compared to 17.3% when diabetes was clinically assessed. The highest prevalence of diabetes among subjects with periodontitis was observed in studies originating from Asian countries (17.2%, n = 18,002) and the lowest in studies describing populations from Europe (4.3%, n = 7,858). The overall odds ratio for patients with diabetes to be among subjects with periodontitis as compared to those without periodontitis was 2.27 (95% CI [1.90;2.72]). A substantial variability in the definitions of periodontitis, combination of self-reported and clinically assessed diabetes, lack of confounding for diabetes control in included studies introduces estimation bias. Conclusions: The overall prevalence and odds of having diabetes are higher within periodontitis populations compared to people without periodontitis. Self-reported diabetes underestimates the prevalence when compared to this condition assessed clinically. Geographical differences were observed: the highest diabetes prevalence among subjects with periodontitis was observed in studies conducted in Asia and the lowest in studies originating from Europe

Prevalence of diabetes among patients diagnosed with periodontitis: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diabetes among patients with periodontitis and to evaluate whether diabetes is related to extent and severity of periodontitis. Method: This is a retrospective study of data observed over a 10-year period in patients referred to a specialized clinic for periodontology in the Netherlands. Patients received at the intake appointment a full-mouth periodontal examination, and based on the clinical data, patients were classified with respect to extent and severity of periodontitis. In addition, the prevalence of diabetes was recorded, based on self-report. Results: A total of 5375 periodontitis patients were included in the study sample (mean age of 50 years). The prevalence of diabetes in this patient sample was 3.7% (n=192). No relation between diabetes and extent or severity of periodontitis could be established. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes in a predominantly "controlled" diabetic population was not related to the extent and/or severity of periodontitis along with the finding that the prevalence was lower than the national diabetes prevalence in the Netherlands