Molecular characterization of the genes encoding the tungsten-containing aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Pyrococcus furiosus and formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Thermococcus litoralis

The hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis contain the tungstoenzymes aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a homodimer, and formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a homotetramer. herein we report the cloning and sequencing of the P. furiosus gene aor (605 residues; M_r, 66,630) and the T. litoralis gene for (621 residues; M_r, 68,941)

A new approach to cope with software evolution using Knowware system concepts

ICIC Express Letters72541-54

Immunohistochemical analysis of anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody on renal biopsies: A single tertiary care center study

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the common cause of nephrotic syndrome. The discrimination between primary MN (iMN) and secondary MN is essential because of treatment implications. Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation with the help of anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody helps in tissue evaluation of iMN, which is an easy, cost-effective, and pathologist-friendly technique. The study included 82 cases of MN over a period of 3 years. IHC using PLA2R antibody was performed on iMN and secondary cases with adequate tissue. Cases of minimal change disease (MCD) were included as control. Granular staining along the basement membrane in the absence of staining of podocytes was considered positive. Medical records were verified for clinical information, baseline biochemical parameters, details of viral markers, connective tissue disease profile, and basic imaging workup. Of the 82 cases of MN, 51 were iMN and 31 secondary MN (sMN). Thirteen MCD cases were included as control. IHC with PLA2R antibody showed a sensitivity of 91.8% and specificity of 95.1%, positive predictive value of 95.7%, and negative predictive value of 90.7% in the diagnosis of iMN. The other parameters, either clinical or laboratory, did not show significant differences between iMN and sMN groups. The results of PLA2R staining by IHC were comparable with other studies and showed a higher sensitivity (91.8%) and specificity (95.1%). IHC with anti-PLA2R antibody can be considered as the standard diagnostic approach to identify iMN and offer scope for individualized treatment

Techno-economic evaluation of two alternative processes for production of green diesel from karanja oil: A pinch analysis approach

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vegetable oil is a potential technology for the production of green diesel for direct application in unmodified combustion engines. This study provides the conceptual process design for HDO of karanja oils by two different routes: (i) direct HDO of vegetable oils (direct HDO) and (ii) HDO of fatty acids derived from hydrolysis of vegetable oils (two-step HDO). Pinch analysis was carried out to obtain energy targets and the maximum level of heat recovery and to design the heat exchange network. An economic analysis was then performed using USD 0.5 per kg as the retail price of karanja oil. The production costs of green diesel were estimated as USD 0.84 per kg and USD 0.798 per kg for direct and two-step HDO, respectively, for an optimum plant capacity of 0.12 × 106 metric ton per annum of karanja oil. The analysis was further extended to understand various cost-contributing factors and the effect of feedstock and the price of co-products on the manufacturing costs of green diesel. A discounted cash flow analysis was carried out to determine the minimum selling price of green diesel. I. INTRODUCTIO