Potensi Kapsul Bee Pollen Plus sebagai Food Supplement Inovatif Peningkat Stamina dalam Rangka Pencegahan Penggunaan Doping pada Atlet Makassar : Uji Coba pada Mahasiswa UKM Sepak Bola

Doping used for stamina enhancement and athletes' performance is actually a medicine that has negative effects on health and potentially causes an addiction. Therefore, it is necessary supplements that can increase the stamina and endurance of an athlete and at the same time could minimize the possibility of doping USAge. Bee pollen is one of the products of bees which is rich nutrients. The nutrients content of Bee pollen such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenols is needed by athletes to increase the endurance and stamina in their activities. To enrich its bioactive components, bee pollen extract and fresh bee pollen powder are combined and called Bee Pollen Plus. The current study was Quasi-Experimental with Non-randomized Pre-Post Test Control Group model design by comparing before and after of bee pollen plus intervention. The preparation of bee pollen plus capsule is started with bee pollen extraction followed by the preparation of bee pollen capsule. By the process, it is obtained 18.48% of rendamen percent. The chemical compound analysis showed the protein, carbohydrate and polyphenol levels of bee pollen plus two times higher than bee pollen powder. The intervention of bee pollen plus capsule was provided for 1 week to the student in football activity unit of Hasanuddin University. The running time, blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature, and breathing frequency were calculated after physical exercise by using the treadmill. The result obtained shows the increased physical performance especially for running time and pulse rate. It can be concluded that the bee pollen plus capsule has been effective to increase the stamina and endurance of the athlete after physical exercise

Antibacterial Test of Teki Grass Extract (Cyperus Rotundus) in Inhibiting Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhi

This study aims to determine the antibacterial ability of Cyperus rotundus extract in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone. This research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) and LSD test as a follow-up test with one factor, namely variations in the concentration of C. rotundus extract 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, distilled water as a negative control and the antibiotic chloramphenicol as a positive control. The results showed that the extract of C. rotundus could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli with the largest inhibition zone diameter indicated by a concentration of 100% which was 2.33mm and the smallest inhibition zone diameter was found at a concentration of 20%, namely 1.00 mm. While in Salmonella typhi the largest inhibition zone was shown at a concentration of 100%, namely 3, 03mm and the smallest inhibition zone was indicated by a concentration of 20%, namely 1.07 mm. The results of the ANOVA and LSD tests with 95% confidence test showed that there was a difference in the average diameter of the inhibition zone in each treatment with variations in the concentration of C. rotundus extract with a concentration of 80% as the most effective

Preventing Cardiovascular Disease in Kentucky: Epidemiology, Trends, and Strategies for the Future

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States despite dramatic improvements in the treatment of heart disease in recent years. Kentucky leads the nation in the prevalence of several individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of multiple risk factors, and in cardiovascular mortality. While trends in the prevalence of some of these cardiac risk factors have shown improvement, others have remained unchanged or have worsened. The increased prevalence of obesity and diabetes, especially among young persons, is one of the most worrisome trends. The prevalence of smoking in Kentucky remains high, and has not declined substantially in the past fifteen years. As a consequence of poverty, low educational levels, a high unemployment rate, and often limited access to medical care, select populations in the Appalachian region of the state have among the highest rates of cardiovascular disease in the developed world. In the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) report of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kentucky had met none of the stated objectives related to cardiovascular risk for Healthy Kentuckians 2010. Public health initiatives and interventions directed toward the prevention of CVD in Kentucky must address Kentucky\u27s unique challenges if progress is to be made

The transformed-stationary approach: A generic and simplified methodology for non-stationary extreme value analysis

Statistical approaches to study extreme events require, by definition, long time series of data. In many scientific disciplines, these series are often subject to variations at different temporal scales that affect the frequency and intensity of their extremes. Therefore, the assumption of stationarity is violated and alternative methods to conventional stationary extreme value analysis (EVA) must be adopted. Using the example of environmental variables subject to climate change, in this study we introduce the transformed-stationary (TS) methodology for non-stationary EVA. This approach consists of (i) transforming a non-stationary time series into a stationary one, to which the stationary EVA theory can be applied, and (ii) reverse transforming the result into a non-stationary extreme value distribution. As a transformation, we propose and discuss a simple time-varying normalization of the signal and show that it enables a comprehensive formulation of non-stationary generalized extreme value (GEV) and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) models with a constant shape parameter. A validation of the methodology is carried out on time series of significant wave height, residual water level, and river discharge, which show varying degrees of long-term and seasonal variability. The results from the proposed approach are comparable with the results from (a) a stationary EVA on quasi-stationary slices of non-stationary series and (b) the established method for non-stationary EVA. However, the proposed technique comes with advantages in both cases. For example, in contrast to (a), the proposed technique uses the whole time horizon of the series for the estimation of the extremes, allowing for a more accurate estimation of large return levels. Furthermore, with respect to (b), it decouples the detection of non-stationary patterns from the fitting of the extreme value distribution. As a result, the steps of the analysis are simplified and intermediate diagnostics are possible. In particular, the transformation can be carried out by means of simple statistical techniques such as low-pass filters based on the running mean and the standard deviation, and the fitting procedure is a stationary one with a few degrees of freedom and is easy to implement and control. An open-source MATLAB toolbox has been developed to cover this methodology, which is available at https://github.com/menta78/tsEva/ (Mentaschi et al., 2016)

Minimally invasive physiological correlates of social behaviour in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) under human care

Simultaneous observations of reproductive physiology and behaviour were conducted on a group of two male and two female belugas under professionally managed care for one year to explore potential mating strategies. Weekly blow sampling for progesterone in females was used to define the breeding season by detecting three oestrous cycles in one female. Twice weekly blow sampling for testosterone and twice monthly testes measurements via ultrasonography were used to detect reproductive seasonality in both males. Female–male association frequency varied longitudinally, with 70% of all interactions occurring during the 16-week breeding season. Male–male associations did not vary seasonally. Male display behaviours towards the female occurred 14.8 times more frequently during the breeding season (0.164 ± 0.188 behaviours/min) than outside of the breeding season (0.011 ± 0.042 behaviours/min). The cycling female responded variably to male display behaviours by altering swim speed or body orientation towards the male. Although this small sample size limits broad conclusions, the frequent display behaviours, low copulation rate and lack of serious male–male aggression are consistent with predictions for pre-copulatory female mate choice developed from the current knowledge of beluga reproductive physiology. These observations, which are not feasible for wild belugas, provide important management considerations because reduced opportunities for mate choice could limit the reproductive rate, especially in small populations

The Green Eating Project: web-based intervention to promote environmentally conscious eating behaviours in US university students

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an online, interactive intervention, referred to as the Green Eating (GE) Project, to motivate university students to adopt GE behaviours. Design: The study was quasi-experimental and integrated into courses for credit/extra credit. Courses were randomly stratified into experimental or non-treatment control. The 5-week intervention consisted of four modules based on different GE topics. Participants completed the GE survey at baseline (experimental, n 241; control, n 367) and post (experimental, n 187; control, n 304). The GE survey has been previously validated and consists of Transtheoretical Model constructs including stage of change (SOC), decisional balance (DB: Pros and Cons) and self-efficacy (SE: School and Home) as well as behaviours for GE. Modules contained basic information regarding each topic and knowledge items to assess content learning. Setting: The GE Project took place at a public university in the north-eastern USA. Subjects: Participants were full-time students between the ages of 18 and 24 years. Results: The GE Project was effective in significantly increasing GE behaviours, DB Pros, SE School and knowledge in experimental compared with control, but did not reduce DB Cons or increase SE Home. Experimental participants were also more likely to be in later SOC for GE at post testing. Conclusions: The GE Project was effective in increasing GE behaviours in university students. Motivating consumers towards adopting GE could assist in potentially mitigating negative consequences of the food system on the environment. Future research could tailor the intervention to participant SOC to further increase the effects or design the modules for other participants

Investigation and monitoring in support of the structural mitigation of large slow moving landslides: an example from Ca' Lita (Northern Apennines, Reggio Emilia, Italy)

International audienceThe Ca' Lita landslide is a large and deep-seated mass movement located in the Secchia River Valley, in the sector of the Northern Apennines falling into Reggio Emilia Province, about 70 km west of Bologna (Northern Italy). It consists of a composite landslide system that affects Cretaceous to Eocene flysch rock masses and chaotic complexes. Many of the components making up the landslide system have resumed activity between 2002 and 2004, and are now threatening some hamlets and an important road serving the upper watershed area of River Secchia, where many villages and key industrial facilities are located. This paper presents the analysis and the quantification of displacement rates and depths of the mass movements, based on geological and geomorphological surveys, differential DEM analysis, interpretation of underground stratigraphic and monitoring data collected during the investigation campaign that has been undertaken in order to design cost-effective mitigation structures, and that has been conducted with the joint collaboration between public offices and research institutes

Association of Maximum Temperature With Sedentary Time in Older British Men.

BACKGROUND: Sedentary behaviour is very common in older adults and a risk factor for mortality. Understanding determinants of sedentary behaviour may help in defining strategies aimed to reduce the time spent sedentary. The degree of difference in sedentary time attributable to varying temperatures has not been yet estimated in older men. METHODS: Men aged 71-91 years participating in an established UK population-based cohort study were invited to wear an Actigraph GT3x accelerometer for one week in 2010-12. Outcome was sedentary time (<1.5 Metabolic Equivalent of Task) in minutes per day. Associations between daily outdoor maximum temperature and accelerometer-measured sedentary time were estimated using multilevel models. RESULTS: 43% (1361/3137) of invited men participated in the study and provided adequate data. Men spent on average 615 minutes in sedentary time per day (72% of the total accelerometer-wear time). After adjusting for covariates, men spent 26 minutes more per day (p<0.001) in sedentary time when temperatures were in the lowest (-3.5; 9.2°C) versus highest quintile (19.1; 29.5°C). CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary time in older adults is highest at lowest temperatures, typically recorded in winter. Findings are relevant for guidelines: interventions may consider targeting older men in winter providing recommendations for minimising sedentariness on daily basis