34 research outputs found
On the Core of Dynamic Cooperative Games
We consider dynamic cooperative games, where the worth of coalitions varies
over time according to the history of allocations. When defining the core of a
dynamic game, we allow the possibility for coalitions to deviate at any time
and thereby to give rise to a new environment. A coalition that considers a
deviation needs to take the consequences into account because from the
deviation point on, the game is no longer played with the original set of
players. The deviating coalition becomes the new grand coalition which, in
turn, induces a new dynamic game. The stage games of the new dynamical game
depend on all previous allocation including those that have materialized from
the deviating time on.
We define three types of core solutions: fair core, stable core and credible
core. We characterize the first two in case where the instantaneous game
depends on the last allocation (rather than on the whole history of
allocations) and the third in the general case. The analysis and the results
resembles to a great extent the theory of non-cooperative dynamic games.Comment: 25 page
Detecting level crossings without looking at the spectrum
In many physical systems it is important to be aware of the crossings and
avoided crossings which occur when eigenvalues of a physical observable are
varied using an external parameter. We have discovered a powerful algebraic
method of finding such crossings via a mapping to the problem of locating the
roots of a polynomial in that parameter. We demonstrate our method on atoms and
molecules in a magnetic field, where it has implications in the search for
Feshbach resonances. In the atomic case our method allows us to point out a new
class of invariants of the Breit-Rabi Hamiltonian of magnetic resonance. In the
case of molecules, it enables us to find curve crossings with practically no
knowledge of the corresponding Born-Oppenheimer potentials.Comment: 4 pages, new title, no figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. Let
Frugals, Militants and the Oil Market
The oil market has often been modelled as an oligopoly where the strategic players are producers. With climate change, a new sort of game appeared, where environmental militants play a significant role by opposing some projects, to contain oil production. At the same time, consumers continue to use increasing amounts of oil, independently of oil price fluctuations. Should we oppose oil project, reduce demand or both? We investigate in this paper the double prisoner's dilemma in which individuals find themselves, with respect to oil consumption and their environmental stance towards the oil industry. We find that the collective outcome
of such game is clearly better when a frugal behaviour is adopted, without being militant. The Nash equilibrium, resulting from the individual strategies, leads by contrast to the worst possible outcome: high prices, high consumption and high environmental impact. An effective environmental action should avoid opposing oil supply sources (a costly militant act) and help consumers becoming more frugal
Folk theorems in multicriteria repeated N-person games
Repeated games, multicriteria games, 91A20, 90B50, 91A35,