175 research outputs found

    Richard Carvel Waltzes

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    https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/2310/thumbnail.jp

    More forging (and patching) of tropical signatures

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    Panny [3] described how to forge the “tropical signatures” proposed by Chen, Grigoriev and Shpilrain [1]. (These signatures are loosely related to the NP-complete problem of factoring tropical polynomials). We describe more methods to forge these tropical signatures. We also describe some patches that thwart all but one of these forgery methods (which we summarize as re-hashing an honest signature)

    Application of Synchrotron Radiation-Based Micro-Analysis on Cadmium Yellows in Pablo Picasso's Femme

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    The cultural heritage community is increasingly exploring synchrotron radiation (SR) based techniques for the study of art and archaeological objects. When considering heterogeneous and complex micro-samples, such as those from paintings, the combination of different SR X-ray techniques is often exploited to overcome the intrinsic limitations and sensitivity of the single technique. Less frequently, SR X-ray analyses are combined with SR micro-photoluminescence or micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, which provide complementary information on the molecular composition, offering a unique integrated analysis approach. Although the spatial correlation between the maps obtained with different techniques is not straightforward due to the different volumes probed by each method, the combination of the information provides a greater understanding and insight into the paint chemistry. In this work, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the combination of X-ray techniques and SR-based photoluminescence through the study of two paint micro-samples taken from Pablo Picasso's Femme (1907). The painting contains two cadmium yellow paints (based on CdS): one relatively intact and one visibly degraded. SR micro-analyses demonstrated that the two Cd-yellow paints differ in terms of structure, chemical composition, and photoluminescence properties. In particular, on the basis of the combination of different SR measurements, we hypothesize that the degraded yellow is based on nanocrystalline CdS with high presence of Cd(OH)Cl. These two characteristics have enhanced the reactivity of the paint and strongly influenced its stability

    Integração de redes GNSS: uma proposta metodológica de densificação da rede SIRGAS na América do Sul

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    A característica continental do Brasil implica na necessidade de constantes desafios científicos em pesquisas espaciais e tecnológicas, que visam contribuir ao engajamento de centros de pesquisas, fornecendo instrumentos às atividades espaciais no país e no mundo, ampliando as perspectivas de aplicação de técnicas geodésicas como o GPS (Global Positioning System). Neste contexto, destaca-se a contribuição ao IGS (International GNSS Service) dos centros de locais de análise SIRGAS (Sistema de Referência Geocêntrico para as Américas) e o IGS-RNAACSIR (IGS Regional Network Associate Analysis Centre for SIRGAS), que disponibilizam soluções semanais no formato SINEX (Software INdependent EXchange Format), referenciadas ao ITRS (International Terrestrial Reference System), que posteriormente são integradas no contexto de uma solução regional pelo DGFI (Deutsches Geodätiches Forschungsinstitut), denominada IGS-RNAACSIR. Nesta perspectiva, este projeto apresenta uma metodologia de integração de redes GNSS locais no contexto de uma solução regional para o Brasil, com base em dados gerados pelas redes ativas RBMC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo), GNSS SP (Rede GPS Ativa do Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, e em soluções SIRGAS no formato SINEX, utilizando o princípio da combinação das equações normais pelo MMQ (Método dos Mínimos Quadrados), contribuindo com a manutenção e densificação da rede SIRGAS na América Latina

    Tackling ionospheric scintillation threat to GNSS in Latin America

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    Scintillations are rapid fluctuations in the phase and amplitude of transionospheric radio signals which are caused by small-scale plasma density irregularities in the ionosphere. In the case of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, scintillation can cause cycle slips, degrade the positioning accuracy and, when severe enough, can even lead to a complete loss of signal lock. Thus, the required levels of availability, accuracy, integrity and reliability for the GNSS applications may not be met during scintillation occurrence; this poses a major threat to a large number of modern-day GNSS-based applications. The whole of Latin America, Brazil in particular, is located in one of the regions most affected by scintillations. These effects will be exacerbated during solar maxima, the next predicted for 2013. This paper presents initial results from a research work aimed to tackle ionospheric scintillation effects for GNSS users in Latin America. This research is a part of the CIGALA (Concept for Ionospheric Scintillation Mitigation for Professional GNSS in Latin America) project, co-funded by the EC Seventh Framework Program and supervised by the GNSS Supervisory Authority (GSA), which aims to develop and test ionospheric scintillation countermeasures to be implemented in multi-frequency, multi-constellation GNSS receivers

    The “Historical Materials BAG”: A New Facilitated Access to Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Analyses for Cultural Heritage Materials at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

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    The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) has recently commissioned the new Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS). The gain in brightness as well as the continuous development of beamline instruments boosts the beamline performances, in particular in terms of accelerated data acquisition. This has motivated the development of new access modes as an alternative to standard proposals for access to beamtime, in particular via the “block allocation group” (BAG) mode. Here, we present the recently implemented “historical materials BAG”: a community proposal giving to 10 European institutes the opportunity for guaranteed beamtime at two X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) beamlines—ID13, for 2D high lateral resolution XRPD mapping, and ID22 for high angular resolution XRPD bulk analyses—with a particular focus on applications to cultural heritage. The capabilities offered by these instruments, the specific hardware and software developments to facilitate and speed-up data acquisition and data processing are detailed, and the first results from this new access are illustrated with recent applications to pigments, paintings, ceramics and wood

    Integridade no posicionamento RTK e RTK em rede

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    Os avanços tecnológicos nos métodos de posicionamento têm possibilitado o desenvolvimento de metodologias que viabilizam a sua utilização pelo usuário numa diversidade de aplicações. Um dos métodos de posicionamento GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) de grande destaque é o RTK (Real Time Kinematic), cujo conceito tem como princípio básico a alta correlação dos erros provocados pela ionosfera, troposfera e órbita dos satélites na estação de referência e em uma estação próxima de interesse, além da existência de um link de rádio ou de outro sistema de comunicação que permita a transmissão dos dados coletados na base ao usuário. Porém quando as distâncias vão aumentando, a correlação é perdida. Esse fato motivou o desenvolvimento do conceito de rede de estações de referência (RTK em Rede), visando superar esta deficiência. O RTK em Rede utiliza a infra-estrutura de uma rede de estações de referência para disponibilizar correções ao usuário. Tanto o conceito de RTK como o de RTK em rede permitem introduzir o conceito de integridade, muito utilizado em navegação, no contexto da Geodésia. Nesse artigo é apresentada a teoria sobre integridade e sua utilização no RTK e RTK em rede no contexto da rede GNSS do Estado de São Paulo. Nos resultados obtidos observou-se que a garantia da integridade indicada por HPL < AL, VPL < AL e AC < AL, representados pelo nível de proteção horizontal (HPL) e nível de proteção vertical (VPL) em relação ao limite de alarme (AL) e a acurácia (AC), na média foram de 68,3% e 63,9% para a componente horizontal e vertical, respectivamente. Discussões sobre esses resultados são apresentadas
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