La polémica sobre la compatibilidad con el principio constitucional de no discriminación por razón de sexo de los conciertos de la administración con los centros que imparten educación diferenciada

Este trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio de la más reciente evolución de la polémica jurídica que existe en España sobre la compatibilidad con el principio constitucional de no discriminación por razón de sexo de los conciertos de la Administración con los centros que imparten educación diferenciada. Para ello, se aborda en primer lugar la caracterización jurídica de los conciertos educativos. A continuación, se hace una referencia, necesariamente breve, a la polémica sobre la educación diferenciada, incidiendo sobre todo en los aspectos jurídicos de la misma. Por último, se entra en el estudio de los conciertos con los centros educativos que ofrecen educación diferenciada y su situación legal en la actualidad, a la luz de las previsiones del artículo 84, apartado tercero, de la Ley orgánica de educación y de la jurisprudencia que lo interpreta.This paper aims to study the latest developments in the Spanish legal controversy on the compatibility with the constitutional principle of non-discrimination based on sex of the financing agreements between Administration and schools providing single-sex education. To this end, it analyses first the legal characterization of educational financing agreements. Then it makes a succinct reference to the controversy over single-sex education, focusing on its legal aspects. Finally, the paper studies the financing agreements between Administration and schools providing single-sex education and their legal situation today, in the light of the provisions of Article 84.3 of the Spanish Basic Education Act and the case law interpreting it

Non-Baryonic Dark Matter - Observational Evidence and Detection Methods

The evidence for the existence of dark matter in the universe is reviewed. A general picture emerges, where both baryonic and non-baryonic dark matter is needed to explain current observations. In particular, a wealth of observational information points to the existence of a non-baryonic component, contributing between around 20 and 40 percent of the critical mass density needed to make the universe geometrically flat on large scales. In addition, an even larger contribution from vacuum energy (or cosmological constant) is indicated by recent observations. To the theoretically favoured particle candidates for non-baryonic dark matter belong axions, supersymmetric particles, and of less importance, massive neutrinos. The theoretical foundation and experimental situation for each of these is reviewed. Direct and indirect methods for detection of supersymmetric dark matter are described in some detail. Present experiments are just reaching the required sensitivity to discover or rule out some of these candidates, and major improvements are planned over the coming years.Comment: Submitted to Reports on Progress in Physics, 59 pages, LaTeX, iopart macro, 14 embedded postscript figure

Establishing a governance threshold in small-scale fisheries to achieve sustainability

The lack of effective governance is a major concern in small-scale fisheries. The implementation of governance that encompasses the three pillars of sustainability (social, economic, and ecological) is still a worldwide challenge. We examined nine stalked barnacle fisheries (Pollicipes pollicipes) across Southwest Europe to better understand the relationship between governance elements and sustainability. Our results show that nested spatial scales of management, the access structure, co- management, and fisher’s participation in monitoring and surveillance promote sustainability. However, it is not the mere presence of these elements but their level of implementation that drives sustainability. Efforts should be placed in the accomplishment of a minimum combination of local scales of management, access rights through individual quotas, instructive-consultative co- management and functional participation. Surpassing this threshold in future governance structures will start to adequately promote social, economic and ecologically sustainability in small-scale fisheries