704 research outputs found
Suppression of Landau damping via electron band gap
The pondermotive potential in the X-ray Raman compression can generate an
electron band gap which suppresses the Landau damping. The regime is identified
where a Langmuir wave can be driven without damping in the stimulated Raman
compression. It is shown that the partial wave breaking and the frequency
detuning due to the trapped particles would be greatly reduced.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Theory of plasmon decay in dense plasmas and warm dense matter
The decay of the Langmuir waves in dense plasmas is not accurately predicted
by the prevalent Landau damping theory. A dielectric function theory is
introduced, predicting much higher damping than the Landau damping theory. This
strong damping is in better agreement with the experimentally observed data in
metals. It is shown that the strong plasmon decay leads to the existence of a
parameter regime where the backward Raman scattering is unstable while the
forward Raman scattering is stable. This regime may be used to create intense
x-ray pulses, by means of the the backward Raman compression. The optimal pulse
duration and intensity is estimated
Classification of life by the mechanism of genome size evolution
The classification of life should be based upon the fundamental mechanism in
the evolution of life. We found that the global relationships among species
should be circular phylogeny, which is quite different from the common sense
based upon phylogenetic trees. The genealogical circles can be observed clearly
according to the analysis of protein length distributions of contemporary
species. Thus, we suggest that domains can be defined by distinguished
phylogenetic circles, which are global and stable characteristics of living
systems. The mechanism in genome size evolution has been clarified; hence main
component questions on C-value enigma can be explained. According to the
correlations and quasi-periodicity of protein length distributions, we can also
classify life into three domains.Comment: 53 pages, 9 figures, 2 table
Quantum kinetic theory of the filamentation instability
The quantum electromagnetic dielectric tensor for a multi species plasma is
re-derived from the gauge invariant Wigner-Maxwell system and presented under a
form very similar to the classical one. The resulting expression is then
applied to a quantum kinetic theory of the electromagnetic filamentation
instability. Comparison is made with the quantum fluid theory including a Bohm
pressure term, and with the cold classical plasma result. A number of
analytical expressions are derived for the cutoff wave vector, the largest
growth rate and the most unstable wave vector
Donut and dynamic polarization effects in proton channeling through carbon nanotubes
We investigate the angular and spatial distributions of protons of the energy
of 0.223 MeV after channeling through an (11,~9) single-wall carbon nanotube of
the length of 0.2 m. The proton incident angle is varied between 0 and 10
mrad, being close to the critical angle for channeling. We show that, as the
proton incident angle increases and approaches the critical angle for
channeling, a ring-like structure is developed in the angular distribution -
donut effect. We demonstrate that it is the rainbow effect. When the proton
incident angle is between zero and a half of the critical angle for channeling,
the image force affects considerably the number and positions of the maxima of
the angular and spatial distributions. However, when the proton incident angle
is close to the critical angle for channeling, its influence on the angular and
spatial distributions is reduced strongly. We demonstrate that the increase of
the proton incident angle can lead to a significant rearrangement of the
propagating protons within the nanotube. This effect may be used to locate
atomic impurities in nanotubes as well as for creating nanosized proton beams
to be used in materials science, biology and medicine.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figure
Leptonic contribution to the bulk viscosity of nuclear matter
For beta-equilibrated nuclear matter we estimate the contribution to the bulk
viscosity from purely leptonic processes, namely the conversion of electrons to
and from muons. For oscillation frequencies in the kiloHertz range, we find
that this process provides the dominant contribution to the bulk viscosity when
the temperature is well below the critical temperature for superconductivity or
superfluidity of the nuclear matter.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, new appendix and general clarifications in response
to referee comment
Prevention and control of apple scab
Improved prevention and control of apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis is aimed at without the use of copper containing products in the Repco-project. Substantial progress is made in selection of potential products against summer epidemics. A patent application is made for E73. New effective biocontrol agents are selected to reduce inoculum during winter. The product potassium bicarbonate has shown good efficacy and Repco contributes to the registration of this product in Europe. Earthworms tended to be stimulated to consume apple leaves treated with amino acids or beetpulp, especially when applied fresh under controlled environmental condi-tons
Plant Biomarker Pattern, Apples grown with various availability of organic nitrogen and with or witout the use of pesticides
In the recent years there has been an increasing focus on the quality and health value of organic plant products compared with conventional products.
The use of pesticides and concentrated fertilisers in conventional agriculture implies a risk of effects on plant composition, which may affect health of the
consumer (Brandt & Mølgaard, 2001).
To determine if organically grown plant food could provide more or less benefits to health than conventional food, a first step is to investigate the differences
in the composition and relative concentration of natural compounds in the plant products.
In this project apples were grown with two levels of nitrogen availability and with or without the use of pesticides. The apples were screened for changes in the phytochemical composition and concentration.
The work is affiliated to the project "Organic food and health" supported by the Danish Research Centre for Organic Farming (DARCOF).
Biomarkers and biomarker patterns were presented in plants cultivated with low and high N and with pesticides.
One biomarker was related to:
⢠the type of N with and without pesticides
⢠pesticides at high N and type of N without pesticides
⢠pesticides at low and high N
One biomarker pattern was related to:
⢠the type of N
⢠the type of N without pesticides
⢠pesticides at low N and type of N without pesticides
⢠pesticides at high N and type of N with pesticide
New Measurement of the Relative Scintillation Efficiency of Xenon Nuclear Recoils Below 10 keV
Liquid xenon is an important detection medium in direct dark matter
experiments, which search for low-energy nuclear recoils produced by the
elastic scattering of WIMPs with quarks. The two existing measurements of the
relative scintillation efficiency of nuclear recoils below 20 keV lead to
inconsistent extrapolations at lower energies. This results in a different
energy scale and thus sensitivity reach of liquid xenon dark matter detectors.
We report a new measurement of the relative scintillation efficiency below 10
keV performed with a liquid xenon scintillation detector, optimized for maximum
light collection. Greater than 95% of the interior surface of this detector was
instrumented with photomultiplier tubes, giving a scintillation yield of 19.6
photoelectrons/keV electron equivalent for 122 keV gamma rays. We find that the
relative scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils of 5 keV is 0.14, staying
constant around this value up to 10 keV. For higher energy recoils we measure a
value around 20%, consistent with previously reported data. In light of this
new measurement, the XENON10 experiment's results on spin-independent
WIMP-nucleon cross section, which were calculated assuming a constant 0.19
relative scintillation efficiency, change from cm to
cm for WIMPs of mass 100 GeV/c, and from
cm to cm for WIMPs of mass 30
GeV/c.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Quantum corrections to the phase diagram of heavy-fermion superconductors
The competition between magnetism and Kondo effect is the main effect
determining the phase diagram of heavy fermion systems. It gives rise to a
quantum critical point which governs the low temperature properties of these
materials. However, experimental results made it clear that a fundamental
ingredient is missing in this description, namely superconductivity. In this
paper we make a step forward in the direction of incorporating
superconductivity and study the mutual effects of this phase and
antiferromagnetism in the phase diagram of heavy fermion metals. Our approach
is based on a Ginzburg-Landau theory describing superconductivity and
antiferromagnetism in a metal with quantum corrections taken into account
through an effective potential. The proximity of an antiferromagnetic
instability extends the region of superconductivity in the phase diagram and
drives this transition into a first order one. On the other hand
superconducting quantum fluctuations near a metallic antiferromagnetic quantum
critical point gives rise to a first order transition from a low moment to a
high moment state in the antiferromagnet. Antiferromagnetism and
superconductivity may both collapse at a quantum bicritical point whose
properties we calculate.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
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