Challenging exclusionary paradigms in the traditional musical canon: Implications for music education practice

ABSTRACT The authors propose that best practices in music education require a conceptual understanding of music teaching and learning based on a perspective of social justice and equitable access for all students. Examinations of the relationship between the tenets of culturally-responsive teaching and three dimensions of music teaching and learning (musical content, instruction, and context) are presented

Determining the potential mitigation effects of wildlife passageways on black bears

North Carolina’s U.S. Highway 64 is currently being expanded from a two-lane road to a four-lane divided highway from Raleigh to the Outer Banks. Concerns exist that collisions with vehicles may affect the demographics of wildlife populations and that potential disturbances and fragmentation associated with the highway may affect the ecological integrity of the landscape, particularly with regard to large carnivores. In response to these concerns, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) included three wildlife underpasses into the design of a 19.3- km section of the new U.S. Highway 64 in Washington County. The locations of the wildlife underpasses were determined based on a study by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission during 1999. Areas that received frequent wildlife use were identified based on surveys of track counts, ditch crossings, and infrared cameras. The resulting data were used in combination with a geographic information system (GIS) to identify travel corridors for wildlife. Once the locations of the wildlife underpasses were established, the University of Tennessee initiated research in 2000 to determine whether wildlife passageways can mitigate impacts from highways. We chose a wideranging carnivore, the American black bear (Ursus americanus), as the focus species of our study because of its dependence on regional landscapes. We developed an experimental study design that will allow for collection of data before and after highway construction on a treatment and a control area. During the pre-construction phase of the study, we have collected over 6,000 locations on a total of 35 bears to document home-range sizes, activity patterns, movements, and habitat use. We are also analyzing 337 DNA samples from hair collected at 140 barbed-wire hair traps to estimate population density and to determine genetic relatedness within and among the two populations. Finally, we are using 243 photographs of wildlife from infrared cameras to measure use of the areas where the highway underpasses will be constructed. Field data collection during the pre-construction period was completed in June 2001; post-construction data will be gathered and compared after the anticipated completion of the highway in 2004

Determining the potential mitigation effects of wildlife passageways on black bears

North Carolina’s U.S. Highway 64 is currently being expanded from a two-lane road to a four-lane divided highway from Raleigh to the Outer Banks. Concerns exist that collisions with vehicles may affect the demographics of wildlife populations and that potential disturbances and fragmentation associated with the highway may affect the ecological integrity of the landscape, particularly with regard to large carnivores. In response to these concerns, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) included three wildlife underpasses into the design of a 19.3- km section of the new U.S. Highway 64 in Washington County. The locations of the wildlife underpasses were determined based on a study by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission during 1999. Areas that received frequent wildlife use were identified based on surveys of track counts, ditch crossings, and infrared cameras. The resulting data were used in combination with a geographic information system (GIS) to identify travel corridors for wildlife. Once the locations of the wildlife underpasses were established, the University of Tennessee initiated research in 2000 to determine whether wildlife passageways can mitigate impacts from highways. We chose a wideranging carnivore, the American black bear (Ursus americanus), as the focus species of our study because of its dependence on regional landscapes. We developed an experimental study design that will allow for collection of data before and after highway construction on a treatment and a control area. During the pre-construction phase of the study, we have collected over 6,000 locations on a total of 35 bears to document home-range sizes, activity patterns, movements, and habitat use. We are also analyzing 337 DNA samples from hair collected at 140 barbed-wire hair traps to estimate population density and to determine genetic relatedness within and among the two populations. Finally, we are using 243 photographs of wildlife from infrared cameras to measure use of the areas where the highway underpasses will be constructed. Field data collection during the pre-construction period was completed in June 2001; post-construction data will be gathered and compared after the anticipated completion of the highway in 2004

Assessment of YouTube as an online educational tool in teaching laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A LAP-VEGaS study

Background: General surgery residents frequently access YouTube® for educational walkthroughs of surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the educational quality of YouTube® video walkthroughs on Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) using a validated video assessment tool. Methods: A retrospective review of YouTube® videos was conducted for “laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass”, “laparoscopic RYGB”, and “laparoscopic gastric bypass.” The top 100 videos from three YouTube® searches were gathered and duplicates were removed. Included videos were categorized as Physician (produced by individual physician), Academic (university/medical school), or Society (professional surgical society) and rated by three independent investigators using the LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) video assessment tool (0–18). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction and Spearman's correlation test. Results: Of 300 videos gathered, 31 unique videos met selection criteria and were analyzed. The average LAP-VEGaS score was 8.67 (SD 3.51). Society videos demonstrated a significantly higher mean LAP-VEGaS score than Physician videos (p = 0.023). Most videos lacked formal case presentation (71%), intraoperative findings (81%), and operative time (76%). No correlation was demonstrated between LAP-VEGaS scores and number of likes or views, video length, or upload date. Conclusions: LRYGB training videos on YouTube® generally do not adhere to the LAP-VEGaS guidelines and are of poor educational quality, signaling areas of improvement for educators