The aqueous chemistry of radium

Available literature data on the aqueous chemistry of radium are compiled. There are limited available experimental data and a significant portion of the data has been estimated using electrostatic techniques, typically based on the corresponding data of barium. The available data are compared with the corresponding data of barium (and strontium) and a methodology for estimating additional radium thermochemical data is described

Determining Stability Constants Using the AKUFVE Technique

The AKUFVE techniques were developed by Rydberg and co-workers in the 1960s. The main aim was to be able to perform a series of liquid-liquid extraction data varying one or more parameters and at the same time achieve very pure phases. As such, this technique was later used for short-lived isotope studies in the SISAK system, but also as a standalone unit for a large number of thermodynamic studies of extraction systems both for fundamental understanding as well as more applied investigations. In this paper, the apparatus with modifications made over the decades is described. In addition, studies with stability constant determinations for the zirconium-water-acetylacetone system as well as lanthanide extraction using bromodecanoic acid are exemplified to demonstrate the potential use of the technique. The results shown clearly demonstrate the versatility and ability of the AKUFVE system

Rationalisation in public dental care – impact on clinical work tasks and mechanical exposure for dentists – a prospective study

Swedish dentistry has been exposed to frequent rationalisation initiatives during the last half century. Previous research has shown that rationalisation often results in increased risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders, thus reducing sustainability in the production system. In this prospective study, we assessed mechanical exposures among Swedish dentists in relation to specific rationalisations of clinical dental work during a six-year period. Body postures and movements of 12 dentists were assessed by inclinometry synchronised to video recordings of their work. No rationalisation effects could be shown in terms of a reduction in non-value-adding work (waste'), and at job level, no major differences in mechanical exposure could be shown between baseline and follow-up. Conclusion: The present rationalisation measures in dentistry do not seem to result in rationalisation at job level, but may potentially be more successful at the overall dental system level. Practitioner summary: In contrast to many previous investigations of the mechanical exposure implications of rationalisation, the present rationalisation measures did not increase the level of risk for dentists. It is highlighted that all occupations involved in the production system should be investigated to assess production system sustainability