Double Bubbles in Assets Markets with Multiple Generations

We construct an asset market in a finite horizon overlapping-generations environment. Subjects are tested for comprehension of their fundamental value exchange environment, and then reminded during each of 25 periods of its declining new value. We observe price bubbles forming when new generations enter the market with additional liquidity and bursting as old generations exit the market and withdrawing cash. The entry and exit of traders in the market creates an M shaped double bubble price path over the life of the traded asset. This finding is significant in documenting that bubbles can reoccur within one extended trading horizon and, consistent with previous cross-subject comparisons, shows how fluctuations in market liquidity influence price paths. We also find that trading experience leads to price expectations that incorporate fundamental value.Asset Markets, Price Bubbles, Laboratory Experiments, Overlapping Generations

The effect of participatory instruction on the motivation of third grade students

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect differing instructional techniques has on students\u27 motivation in terms of their attitude towards school. Students were pretested using the Inventory to Measure Attitude Towards School and reading (IMATSR). After the pretest, the reading class was conducted in a lecture format with the entire class reading the same novel. Students read a portion of the book and then answered comprehensive questions on a worksheet, prior to discussion. When the book was completed, a comprehensive exam and IMATSR posttest were given. Next, the teacher introduced five books to the class. Each student ranked the books in the order they wished to read them. The students were then assigned to a book. The books were read in student led literature circles. After the completion of the book, the group presented their interpretation of it to the class. Once the presentations were completed, the class was again administered the IMATSR posttest. A Spearman\u27s rho indicated a significant effect in terms of students not liking school, wanting to stay home from school, and the likeability of the follow-up activity. In conclusion the research indicated instructional techniques do affect motivation in terms of attitude towards school

Using Family Literacy Training To Address Summer Reading Loss

Maintaining reading proficiency throughout summer months is problematic for struggling readers. Conceptually framed by sociocultural constructivism, the purpose of this study was to determine parents‘ knowledge and understanding of effective research-based literacy instruction and to establish the participants‘ perceived effect of their participation in family literacy training on their elementary children‘s reading achievement. In this qualitative case study, the influence of family literacy training on summer literacy practices of three families with elementary children was examined. Data were collected using individual interviews with three parents. Interview transcripts were analyzed using an inductive analytical approach. The results of this study demonstrated that all participants benefitted from their attendance at the family literacy workshop and subsequently implemented their new knowledge about literacy strategies within their families. The findings further show that fostering an attitude of enjoyment for reading in their children became a priority for each family. This study contributes to the body of knowledge needed to address summer reading loss by concentrating on training parents in effective family literacy practices in order to raise reading achievement scores in struggling readers. If left unmitigated, the reading loss compounds throughout the elementary grades, potentially resulting in 1 to 1 1⁄2 years of reading loss by Grade 6. By empowering parents with effective family literacy tools, the potential for student reading achievement increases. When reading achievement increases, students are equipped with the opportunity to become lifelong learners, thus positively impacting social change by decreasing low school achievement and dropout rates, joblessness and welfare dependency, and home and community violence

Double Bubbles In Assets Markets With Multiple Generations

We construct an asset market in a finite horizon overlapping-generations environment. Subjects are tested for comprehension of their fundamental value exchange environment and then reminded during each of 25 periods of the environment\u27s declining new value. We observe price bubbles forming when new generations enter the market with additional liquidity and bursting as old generations exit the market and withdrawing cash. The entry and exit of traders in the market creates an M shaped double bubble price path over the life of the traded asset. This finding is significant in documenting that bubbles can reoccur within one extended trading horizon and, consistent with previous cross-subject comparisons, shows how fluctuations in market liquidity influence price paths. We also find that trading experience leads to price expectations that incorporate fundamental value

Inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase reduces cholesterol absorption in the hamster

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cholesterol esterase has three proposed functions in the intestine: 1) to control the bioavailability of cholesterol from dietary cholesterol esters; 2) to contribute to incorporation of cholesterol into mixed micelles; and 3) to aid in transport of free cholesterol to the enterocyte. Inhibitors of cholesterol esterase are anticipated to limit the absorption of dietary cholesterol. RESULTS: The selective and potent cholesterol esterase inhibitor 6-chloro-3-(1-ethyl-2-cyclohexyl)-2-pyrone (figure 1, structure 1) was administered to hamsters fed a high cholesterol diet supplemented with radiolabeled cholesterol ester. Hamsters were gavage fed (3)H-labeled cholesteryl oleate along with inhibitor 1, 0–200 micromoles. Twenty-four hours later, hepatic and serum radioactive cholesterol levels were determined. The ED(50 )of inhibitor 1 for prevention of the uptake of labeled cholesterol derived from hydrolysis of labeled cholesteryl oleate was 100 micromoles. The toxicity of inhibitor 1 was investigated in a 30 day feeding trial. Inhibitor 1, 100 micromoles or 200 micromoles per day, was added to chow supplemented with 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid. Clinical chemistry urinalysis and tissue histopathology were obtained. No toxicity differences were noted between control and inhibitor supplemented groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibitors of cholesterol esterase may be useful therapeutics for limiting cholesterol absorption

String Branchings on Complex Tori and Algebraic Representations of Generalized Krichever-Novikov Algebras

The propagation differential for bosonic strings on a complex torus with three symmetric punctures is investigated. We study deformation aspects between two point and three point differentials as well as the behaviour of the corresponding Krichever-Novikov algebras. The structure constants are calculated and from this we derive a central extension of the Krichever-Novikov algebras by means of b-c systems. The defining cocycle for this central extension deforms to the well known Virasoro cocycle for certain kinds of degenerations of the torus. AMS subject classification (1991): 17B66, 17B90, 14H52, 30F30, 81T40Comment: 11 pages, amste