Preliminary researches regarding the conservation of endangered local cattle to be abandoned and the achieving of meat hybrids throughout the hybridization with Romanian breeds

Studies were performed on first generation meat hybrids, from the Bălţată cu Negru Românească (BNR) dairy cattle, into four experimental groups of five animals /group, in relation to meat bulls breeds from which the frozen semen material used for cows artificial insemination, respectively: Group E1- Limousine (Li), E2 - Aberdeen Angus (AA), E3 - Blue Blanch Belgian (BBB) and E4 - Charolaise (CH). The hybrids obtained from the experimental groups were observed in terms of dynamic growth and development through biometric measurements and periodic weightings 3 months intervals until 12 months of age. Average Daily Gain (ADG) recorded different variations in report to age and breed: at six months old, between 418.52 ± 60.97 g (Group E3 -BBB) and 486.67 ± 108.66 g (Group E2 - AA), at 12 months old, between 997.22 g (Group E2 – AA) and 1311.11 g (Group E3 -BBB). Slaughter rate at 12 months showed variations in relation to breed and thermal regime, so in hot regime the values ranged between 56.62 % (BNR x AA) and 60.60 % (BNR x BBB) and in cold regime (to 24 hours) between 55.68 % (BNR x AA) and 59.73 % (BNR x BBB). Carcasses development indicators had values in most cases in favor of BNR x AA hybrids than BNR x BBB hybrids, with significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) regarding the width index (201.43 cm to 175.84 cm) and pulp development index (129.27 cm to 110.64 cm). From results analysis it can be concluded that in dangered local cattle, to be abandoned because of productive reform or not relevant point of view of milk production can be used in first generation for hybridization with meat breeds in obtaining meat hybrids with morphological features, slaughter rate and carcass structure from superior quality categories than the maternal breed

Studies on treatments results from cows with ovarian disorders in relation to year and season

The studies were performed in the dairy farm from Dancu Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding, Iaşi, Romania, for a period of 5 consecutive years (2007- 2011), an effective annual rolled of 450 cows Bălţată cu Negru Românească (Romanian Black Spotted) breed.The experimental groups were composed of cows with anoestrus in 60 days postpartum interval, diagnosed by rectal examination with various ovarian disorders: persistent corpus luteum - group E1-162 cows and luteal cysts- group E2-138 cows. The treatments according to diagnosis were applied: PGF2α-,500 mcg/cow- group E1 and Gn-RH, (Receptal, 5 ml/cow-group E2). In relation to the year in which treatments were applied some variations in reproduction indices were found. Regarding to average intervals from treatment to first insemination and from treatment to conception respectively, significant differences were not found. Regarding to average conception rates after treatments, significant differences were found: in E1group, conception rate at the first insemination was 30,9% (with annual variations between 15,0% in 2008 and 41,1% in 2009) (p<0,01); per total insemination was 64,42 % (with annual variations between 44,7% - 2011 and 76,9% - 2007) (p<0,001) and pregnancy index was of 2,4 (with annual variations between 1,9 - 2009 and 2,8 – 2008); in E2 group, conception rate to first insemination was 25,96% (with annual variations between 16,66% - 2011 and 40% - 2010) (p<0,01); per total insemination was 77,88% (with annual variation between 52,17% - 2008 and 85,0% - 2010) (p<0,001) and pregnancy index of 2,4 (with annual variations between 2,1 - 2007 and 2,6 - 2008 and 2009). In relation to season in which treatments were applied, we found different variations in conception rates: in group E1, the average conception rates at the first insemination were between 24,24 % (autumn) and 40,7% (summer) (p<0,05) and per total inseminations between 75,0% (spring) and 85,71% (autumn) (p<0,05); in group E2, the average conception rates at the first insemination were between 5,3% (summer) and 48,5% (spring) (p<0,001) and per total inseminations between 68,4% (summer) and 81,8% (spring) (p<0,05). We believe that annual and seasonal variations found in this work are due to some deficiencies of management system in dairy farms, such as the stalls prolonged maintenance and lack of active movement in the cold season, inadequate microclimate of shelters, heat stress and deficiencies in cows feeding , especially those with higher milk production

Comparative research regarding two methodes for estrus synchronization in postpartum dairy cows, based on progesteron (PRID) and prostaglandin F2α and the relationship with the metabolic status

The study was conducted between October 2015 and June 2016 in the zootechnical biobase of Research and Development Station Breeding Cattle, Dancu, Iasi on Romanian Black Spotted breed dairy cows, in free system of modernized shelter, with a capacity of 200 heads/shelter. The study aimed at establishing the effectiveness of two methods for the induction and synchronization of estrus in dairy cows, based on gestagens and prostaglandin F2α respectively, in relation to their metabolic status. Depending on the applied treatments, two experimental groups were established: E1 group, composed of 13 cows, of which 7 cows with corpus luteum and 6 cows without corpus luteum), which were treated with progesterone administrate through a intravaginal device (PRID) for 7 days and prostaglandin (PG)F2α 24 hours before the removal of device . E2 group, composed of 29 cows with a corpus luteum were treated with single dose of prostaglandin (PG)F2α.. The average interval from the calving to treatment was 89.60+6.607 days (E1 group), respectively 113.40 ± 5.851 days (E2 group). Blood samples for biochemical analysis (total seric protein, serum albumin, total cholesterol, GGT, ALT, AST, serum calcium and phosphorus) were collected from E2 group of cows. The measurements were made using automatic biochemical analyzer Cormay. The results were statistically analyzed and significant differences were determined by Student's test. Analysis of the results revealed the following: the expression of oestrus between 69.23% (E1 group) and 89.65% (E2 group); average intervals from treatment to first artificial insemination (1 IA) was between 5.53 ± 0.99 days (E2 group) and 8.66 ± 3.07 days, (E1 group); average intervals from treatment to conception was between 33.83 ± 12.05 days (E1 group) and 34.45 ± 10.22 days (E2 group); conception rate was between 46.15% (group E2) and 66.6% (E1 group). After estrus synchronization treatments with prostaglandin (PG)F2α the cows of group E2, with normal values of biochemical parameters had a higher conception rate, compared to cows with abnormal biochemical parameters (72, 72% vs 26.66%, P <0.01)

SAMPLING IN EXTERNAL AUDIT – THE MONETARY UNIT SAMPLING METHOD

Abstract: This article approaches the general issue of diminishing the evidence investigation space in audit activities, by means of sampling techniques, given that in the instance of a significant data volume an exhaustive examination of the assessed population is not possible and/or effective. The general perspective of the presentation involves dealing with sampling risk, in essence, the risk that a selected sample may not be representative for the overall population, in correlation with the audit risk model and with the component parts of this model (inherent risk, control risk and non-detection risk) and highlights the inter-conditionings between these two models

How Well Do Student Nurses Write Case Studies? A Cohesion-Centered Textual Complexity Analysis

International audienceStarting from the presumption that writing style is proven to be a reliable predictor of comprehension, this paper investigates the extent to which textual complexity features of nurse students' essays are related to the scores they were given. Thus, forty essays about case studies on infectious diseases written in French language were analyzed using ReaderBench, a multipurpose framework relying on advanced Natural Language Processing techniques which provides a wide range of textual complexity indices. While the linear regression model was significant, a Discriminant Function Analysis was capable of classifying students with an 82.5% accuracy into high and low performing groups. Overall, our statistical analysis highlights essay features centered on document cohesion flow and dialogism that are predictive of teachers' scoring processes. As text complexity strongly influences learners' reading and understanding, our approach can be easily extended in future developments to e-portfolios assessment, in order to provide customized feedback to students