Examining the relationship between physical illness and depression: Is there a difference between inflammatory and non inflammatory diseases? A cohort study

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that inflammation may play a role in the association between physical illness and depression. Our aim was to compare the impact of chronic medical conditions on incidence of depression and to examine if risk of depression varies in terms of the presence and degree of inflammation. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis conducted within the Spanish sample of the predictD-study. PARTICIPANTS: 5437. PRIMARY OUTCOME: Incident major depression measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. EXPOSURE: Presence of chronic medical conditions recorded by GPs using the International Classification of Primary Care, ICPC-2. All analyses were conducted using multivariable logistic regression to allow adjustment for confounders. RESULTS: The odds of depression are higher in almost all inflammatory than in non-inflammatory illnesses. There is an increasing risk of depression as a consequence of an increasing inflammatory load, with higher odds of depression in the autoimmune group than in the cardio-metabolic group, while both had higher odds of depression than the non-inflammatory groups. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation may be part of the pathway by which chronic physical illness leads to depression. Future studies should examine the role of inflammation in the prevention and management of depression

Development of an international standard set of patient-centred outcome measures for overall paediatric health: a consensus process

Objective: To develop an Overall Pediatric Health Standard Set (OPH-SS) of outcome measures that captures what matters to young people and their families and recognising the biopsychosocial aspects of health for all children and adolescents regardless of health condition. Design: A modified Delphi process. Setting: The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement convened an international Working Group (WG) comprised of 23 international experts from 12 countries in the field of paediatrics, family medicine, psychometrics as well as patient advisors. The WG participated in 11 video-conferences, through a modified Delphi process and 9 surveys between March 2018 and January 2020 consensus was reached on a final recommended health outcome standard set. By a literature review conducted in March 2018, 1136 articles were screened for clinician and patient-reported or proxy-reported outcomes. Further, 4315 clinical trials and 12 paediatric health surveys were scanned. Between November 2019 and January 2020, the final standard set was endorsed by a patient validation (n=270

-Astronomical Site Testing Data in Chile A COMPARISON BETWEEN SOUNDING DATA AND WRF FORECASTS AT APEX SITE

RESUMEN Cinco configuraciones de WRF usando diferentes modelos de suelo y parametrizaciones de microfísica y de capa límite planetaria se evaluaron con sondeos lanzados durante una campaña de mediciones en el sitio de APEX (Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment). Los resultados indican que los cambios en la parametrización de microfísica no producen cambios apreciables en los perfiles de humedad. El modelo de suelo de Noah muestra menores errores en los perfiles verticales de las variables analizadas en comparación con el esquema de difusión térmica de 5 capas. El análisis de condiciones sinópticas mostró que las dificultades en predecir la variación diurna en la dirección del viento en condiciones de buen tiempo y la aparición de capas secas poco profundas en la atmósfera son algunas fuentes de errores en los pronósticos. ABSTRACT Five WRF configurations using different soil model, microphysics and planetary boundary layer parameterizations are compared with sounding data launched during a field campaign at APEX (Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment) site. The WRF model does a very good job forecasting PWV and temperature, wind speed and direction vertical profiles over the APEX site. Changes in microphysics parameterizations do not produce appreciable changes in humidity profiles. The Noah land surface model greatly improves the forecasts compared to the 5-layer thermal diffusion scheme. The analysis of daily synoptic conditions shows that difficulties in predicting the diurnal variation of wind direction in clear conditions and the occurrence of dry shallow layers in the atmosphere are some of the error sources in forecasts