Investigation of Hybrid Ionic Liquid Surfactants for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is being vastly applied and studied in the oil industry and various technologies have emerged over the last decades in order to optimize oil recovery after primary and secondary recovery methods have been applied. Surfactant flooding is a chemical EOR method of injecting one or more liquid chemicals and surfactants into the reservoir for tertiary recovery in which the phase behavior of the reservoir can be manipulated by the injection of surfactants and co-surfactants, creating advantageous conditions in order to mobilize trapped oil. An excellent surfactant system can create micro-emulsions at the interface between water and crude oil, thus reducing the interfacial tension (IFT) which consequently will mobilize the residual oil and result in improved oil recovery. Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that are in liquid state below 100°C, composed wholly of anions and cations. Over the past decade, ILs has become one of the fastest growing „green‟ media for chemists and engineers due to their superbly versatile physicochemical properties. Studies have shown that long alkyl chain ionic liquids have the potential to decrease the interfacial tension (IFT) of n-alkanes. The application of Hybrid ILs as a chemical EOR agent has a great potential in lowering the IFT against crude oil whilst being able to withstand harsh conditions in reservoirs such as high temperature and highly saline environment, thus giving good recovery factor of the stock tank oil originally in place (STOOIP)

Antiplatelet Drugs and Its Gastrointestinal Side Effects among Ischemic Stroke Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital 2011

 Background: Antiplatelet drugs with known side effects are given in long term therapies to prevent secondary ischemic stroke. Gastrointestinal side effect is the most prevalent issue. The aim of this study was to identify which antiplatelet drugs have the most gastrointestinal side effects and the duration of administration. Methods: Seven hundred twenty six medical records were obtained from the Medical Record Department of Dr.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from August to December 2011. Inclusion criteria were >18 years old and treated by long term antiplatelet drugs with complete medical records. Data analyzed descriptively consist of antiplatelet type, gastrointestinal effects, and drug administration duration. Results: Of 726 medical records only 246 were enrolled this study. Aspirin 80 mg was the most frequent drug given to ischemic stroke patients (65.9%). GI bleeding and nausea were the two side effects mostly found in aspirin >80 mg group (90%; 95% respectively). The side effects was found after less than 3 months in the aspirin >80 mg group, while it took longer to appear in clopidogrel 75 mg group. Conclusions: Aspirin (>80 mg) presents the most frequent gastrointestinal side effect compared to low dose aspirin 80 mg , clopidogrel, and combination of clopidogrel and aspirin.Keywords: Antiplatelet, ischemic stroke, side effects DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.425 

ELVIS - ELectromagnetic Vector Information Sensor

The ELVIS instrument was recently proposed by the authors for the Indian Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon and is presently under consideration by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The scientific objective of ELVIS is to explore the electromagnetic environment of the moon. ELVIS samples the full three-dimensional (3D) electric field vector, E(x,t), up to 18 MHz, with selective Nyqvist frequency bandwidths down to 5 kHz, and one component of the magnetic field vector, B(x,t), from a few Hz up to 100 kHz.As a transient detector, ELVIS is capable of detecting pulses with a minimum pulse width of 5 ns. The instrument comprises three orthogonal electric dipole antennas, one magnetic search coil antenna and a four-channel digital sampling system, utilising flexible digital down conversion and filtering together with state-of-the-art onboard digital signal processing.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to the DGLR Int. Symposium "To Moon and Beyond", Bremen, Germany, 2005. Companion paper to arXiv:astro-ph/050921

The Glassy Wormlike Chain

We introduce a new model for the dynamics of a wormlike chain in an environment that gives rise to a rough free energy landscape, which we baptise the glassy wormlike chain. It is obtained from the common wormlike chain by an exponential stretching of the relaxation spectrum of its long-wavelength eigenmodes, controlled by a single stretching parameter. Predictions for pertinent observables such as the dynamic structure factor and the microrheological susceptibility exhibit the characteristics of soft glassy rheology and compare favourably with experimental data for reconstituted cytoskeletal networks and live cells. We speculate about the possible microscopic origin of the stretching, implications for the nonlinear rheology, and the potential physiological significance of our results.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Minor correction

Investigation of Hybrid Ionic Liquid Surfactants for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is being vastly applied and studied in the oil industry and various technologies have emerged over the last decades in order to optimize oil recovery after primary and secondary recovery methods have been applied. Surfactant flooding is a chemical EOR method of injecting one or more liquid chemicals and surfactants into the reservoir for tertiary recovery in which the phase behavior of the reservoir can be manipulated by the injection of surfactants and co-surfactants, creating advantageous conditions in order to mobilize trapped oil. An excellent surfactant system can create micro-emulsions at the interface between water and crude oil, thus reducing the interfacial tension (IFT) which consequently will mobilize the residual oil and result in improved oil recovery. Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that are in liquid state below 100°C, composed wholly of anions and cations. Over the past decade, ILs has become one of the fastest growing „green‟ media for chemists and engineers due to their superbly versatile physicochemical properties. Studies have shown that long alkyl chain ionic liquids have the potential to decrease the interfacial tension (IFT) of n-alkanes. The application of Hybrid ILs as a chemical EOR agent has a great potential in lowering the IFT against crude oil whilst being able to withstand harsh conditions in reservoirs such as high temperature and highly saline environment, thus giving good recovery factor of the stock tank oil originally in place (STOOIP)

A microfluidic chip based model for the study of full thickness human intestinal tissue using dual flow

© 2016 Author(s). The study of inflammatory bowel disease, including Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease, has relied largely upon the use of animal or cell culture models; neither of which can represent all aspects of the human pathophysiology. Presented herein is a dual flow microfluidic device which holds full thickness human intestinal tissue in a known orientation. The luminal and serosal sides are independently perfused ex vivo with nutrients with simultaneous waste removal for up to 72 h. The microfluidic device maintains the viability and integrity of the tissue as demonstrated through Haematoxylin & Eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and release of lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, the inflammatory state remains in the tissue after perfusion on the device as determined by measuring calprotectin levels. It is anticipated that this human model will be extremely useful for studying the biology and tes ting novel interventions in diseased tissue

How can Health Technology Assessment support our response to public health emergencies?

Public health emergencies (PHEs), such as the COVID-19 crisis, are threats to global health and public order. We recommend that countries bolster their PHE responses by investing in health technology assessment (HTA), defined as a systematic process of gathering pertinent information on and evaluating health technologies from a medical, economic, social and ethical standpoint. We present examples of how HTA organizations in low- and middle-income countries have adapted to supporting PHE-related decisions during COVID-19 and describe the ways HTA can help the response to a PHE. In turn, we advocate for HTA capacity to be further developed globally and for increased institutional acceptance of these methods as a building block for preparedness and response to future PHEs. Finally, the long-term potential of HTA in strengthening health systems and embedding confidence and transparency into scientific policy should be recognized

Antiplatelet Drugs and Its Gastrointestinal Side Effects among Ischemic Stroke Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital 2011

 Background: Antiplatelet drugs with known side effects are given in long term therapies to prevent secondary ischemic stroke. Gastrointestinal side effect is the most prevalent issue. The aim of this study was to identify which antiplatelet drugs have the most gastrointestinal side effects and the duration of administration. Methods: Seven hundred twenty six medical records were obtained from the Medical Record Department of Dr.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from August to December 2011. Inclusion criteria were >18 years old and treated by long term antiplatelet drugs with complete medical records. Data analyzed descriptively consist of antiplatelet type, gastrointestinal effects, and drug administration duration. Results: Of 726 medical records only 246 were enrolled this study. Aspirin 80 mg was the most frequent drug given to ischemic stroke patients (65.9%). GI bleeding and nausea were the two side effects mostly found in aspirin >80 mg group (90%; 95% respectively). The side effects was found after less than 3 months in the aspirin >80 mg group, while it took longer to appear in clopidogrel 75 mg group. Conclusions: Aspirin (>80 mg) presents the most frequent gastrointestinal side effect compared to low dose aspirin 80 mg , clopidogrel, and combination of clopidogrel and aspirin.Keywords: Antiplatelet, ischemic stroke, side effects DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.425 

Disease and treatment patterns among patients with pouch-related conditions in a cohort of large tertiary care inflammatory bowel disease centers in the United States

BACKGROUND: Gaps exist in our understanding of the clinical course of pouch-related disorders. METHODS: We evaluated baseline disease activity and longitudinal treatment patterns among patients with inflammatory conditions of the pouch. RESULTS: Among 468 patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), 94 (20%) had acute pouchitis, 96 (21%) had chronic pouchitis, and 192 (41%) had Crohn disease of the pouch. Following an IPAA, 38% of patients were treated with a biologic and 11% underwent inflammatory bowel disease- or bowel-related surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment patterns after IPAA indicate that pouch-related disorders have a significant impact on individual patients and the healthcare system