Bounded linear types in a resource semiring

Abstract. Bounded linear types have proved to be useful for automated resource analysis and control in functional programming languages. In this paper we introduce a bounded linear typing discipline on a general notion of resource which can be modeled in a semiring. For this type system we provide both a general type-inference procedure, parameter-ized by the decision procedure of the semiring equational theory, and a (coherent) categorical semantics. This could be a useful type-theoretic and denotational framework for resource-sensitive compilation, and it represents a generalization of several existing type systems. As a non-trivial instance, motivated by hardware compilation, we present a com-plex new application to calculating and controlling timing of execution in a (recursion-free) higher-order functional programming language with local store. 1 Resource-aware types and semantics The two important things about a computer program are what it computes an

The development of political science in Central and Eastern Europe : bibliometric perspective, 1996–2013

This research aims to develop a deeper insight into the development of political science from the bibliometric perspective by analysing peer-reviewed journal articles (n = 1117) indexed in the Scopus database and published by authors from fifteen Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries in the period 1996–2013. Results indicate that the majority of articles (84%) by CEE authors have been published in international journals and in the English language. The visibility of these articles in international journals, measured by the mean number of citations, is 5.2 per paper, while the same indicator for CEE journal articles amounts to 0.2. Authorship analysis indicates a gradual but continuous increase in co-authorships. Additionally, there are significant differences in citations between single-authored and co-authored articles, both in international and CEE journals. Co-authorship among CEE authors is present in only 1% of the analysed articles, confirming weak collaboration between political scientists in CEE countries

HYSTERESIS OF CONTACT ANGLE. DYNAMIC WETTABILITY STUDIES OF COLLAGEN AND DOXYCYCLINE POROUS MATRICES CROSSLINKED WITH TANNIC ACID

Collagen porous matrices are promising delivery systems which offer the possibility to obtain a local optimized drug release. One important prerequisite in understanding the drug dissolution profile is an adequate monitoring of the porous collagen matrices surface properties and surface wettability degree. In this study we have considered direct measurements of the contact angle and hysteresis of contact angle (dynamic contact angle) for some collagen matrices with doxycycline, cross-linked with tannic acid, in order to better describe the wettability properties of these drug release systems. The matrices were obtained by freeze-drying of collagen gels (the release support) which have embedded doxycycline as model drug. These systems were prepared at pH=3.8, and crosslinked with different concentrations of tannic acid (4%, 5%, 10%, respectively 20%). We also took into account in the study an uncrosslinked matrix (without tannic acid) as control sample. A KSV Instrument CAM 101 equipped with a digital camera and the pendant drop method were used for contact angle and surface properties experiments. The liquid (water) is imbibed into the porous matrices producing the contact angle decrease in time. The Young-Laplace equation was applied and the contact angle hysteresis was evaluated (difference between the maximum and the minimum contact angle values) to characterize the surface wettability and hydrophobicity