What is the impact on fish recruitment of anthropogenic physical and structural habitat change in shallow nearshore areas in temperate systems? A systematic review protocol

Shallow nearshore marine ecosystems are changing at an increasing rate due to a range of human activities such as urbanisation and commercial development. The growing numbers of constructions and other physical and structural alterations of the shoreline often take place in nursery and spawning habitats of many fish and other aquatic species. Several coastal fish populations have seen marked declines in abundance and diversity during the past two decades. A systematic review on the topic would clarify if anthropogenic physical and structural changes of near-shore areas have effects on fish recruitment and which these effects are. Methods: The review will examine how various physical and structural anthropogenic changes of nearshore fish habitats affect fish recruitment. Relevant studies include small- and large-scale field studies in marine and brackish systems or large lakes in temperate regions of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Relevant studies may be based on comparisons between undisturbed and disturbed areas, before and after disturbance, or both. Relevant outcomes include measures of recruitment defined as abundance of juveniles of nearshore fish communities. Searches will be made for peer-reviewed and grey literature in English, Dutch, Danish, Finnish, German, Swedish and Spanish. All fish species and species groups will be considered in this review. Included relevant studies will be subject to a critical appraisal that will assess study validity. From relevant included studies, we will extract information on study characteristics, measured outcomes, exposure, comparators, effect modifiers and critical appraisal. Data synthesis will contain narrative and summary findings of each included study of sufficient quality. Meta-analysis may be possible in cases where studies report similar types of outcome

Cooperative hunting and gregarious behaviour in the zebra lionfish, Dendrochirus zebra

[Extract] Cooperative hunting is considered one of the most ubiquitous forms of cooperative behaviour in animals, and has been extensively studied in a range of taxa, including birds, mammals, fish and insects (Packer and Ruttan 1988). The zebra lionfish, Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier 1829), feeds on small crustaceans and fishes and has been previously described as a solitary predator in which individuals hunt exclusively by themselves (Moyer and Zaiser 1981). Here, we report the occurrence of cooperative hunting in D. zebra from coral reefs around Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia (14°40′S, 145°28′E)