Aplicaciones móviles (APPs) en el ámbito del deporte de rendimiento: revisión y propuesta de clasificación

En la sociedad de la información actual, se evidencia una clara tendencia a la expansión del uso de teléfonos móviles inteligentes (SmartPhones) y al desarrollo de aplicaciones móviles (Apps) para este tipo de terminales. En los últimos años, los fabricantes han impulsado una serie de aplicaciones y dispositivos periféricos dedicados a atender las necesidades del consumidor en el campo del Deporte, tanto en los ámbitos del rendimiento como en el de la salud. La oferta de Apps que presentan las principales tiendas online, se caracteriza por su elevado número, gran diversidad y excesiva simplicidad en su catalogación y clasificación. A partir de una revisión de las aplicaciones móviles disponibles en la actualidad, el análisis de documentación presente en internet y la consulta de bibliografía científica especializada, se ha elaborado una propuesta de clasificación operativa, sencilla y racional, que facilite a los profesionales del deporte y usuarios de esta tecnología una mejor accesibilidad a dichas herramientas. Adicionalmente, el presente trabajo incluye una revisión de las Apps más populares o destacadas en el ámbito del rendimiento deportivo, recopilando las principales características y utilidades que incluye

Tactile Sensibility Thresholds in Implant Prosthesis, Complete Dentures and Natural Dentition: Review about Their Value in Literature

[EN]Background and Objectives: The periodontium has important proprioceptive receptors that prevent teeth from using excessive occlusal forces during chewing. There are other receptors from adjacent tissues that replace periodontal ones when teeth are extracted and rehabilitated with prosthesis, although they seem to be less effective. Psychophysical studies investigate tactile sensibility thresholds, which are useful to measure this masticatory efficiency in different prosthetic rehabilitations. There are two types of sensibility depending on the receptors that are activated during these studies: active and passive tactile sensibility. The purpose of this study is to obtain active and passive tactile sensibility threshold figures in natural dentition and prosthetic rehabilitations so we can compare them and understand how this sensibility works in different situations. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic review of the available literature, following PRISMA guidelines and including articles from 2004 to 2021 in the MEDLINE database. Only 10 articles were included in this investigation as they provided concrete threshold figures. Results: The mean values of active tactile sensibility thresholds in complete dentures, implant prosthesis and natural dentition are 64 µ, 23.3 µ and 16.1 µ, respectively. The mean values of passive tactile sensibility thresholds in implant prosthesis and natural dentition are 6.7 N and 0.8 N, respectively. Conclusions: Implant prosthesis have lower thresholds, that are very close to those present in natural dentition, than complete dentures due to an increased tactile sensibility. Active tactile sensibility thresholds present fewer differences between values than passive tactile ones; as these are only influenced by receptors from periodontal or periimplant tissues

Active Tactile Sensibility in Implant Prosthesis vs. Complete Dentures: A Psychophysical Study

[EN] Background and Objectives: Proprioceptive information from natural dentition and adjacent oral tissues enables correct masticatory function, avoiding damage to the teeth. Periodontium is the main source of this relevant information, and when a tooth is lost, all this proprioceptive sensibility relies on receptors from muscles, the mucous membrane or the temporomandibular joint, and this sensibility gets worse. Active tactile sensibility measures this proprioceptive capability in microns by psychophysical studies consisting of introducing thin metal foils between patients’ dental arches during chewing to see if they are able to notice them or not. Osseoperception is a complex phenomenon that seems to improve this sensibility in patients wearing dental implants. The objective of this investigation is to measure this sensibility in different prosthetic situations by performing a psychophysical investigation. Material and Methods: We divided 67 patients in three groups depending on their prosthetic situation and performed a psychophysical study by introducing aluminium foils of different thicknesses in order to establish an active tactile sensibility threshold in every group. We also measured variables such as prosthetic wearing time, age or gender to see how they may influence threshold values. We used Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U tests to analyse these results. Results: Active tactile sensibility threshold values in implants are lower than those from complete dentures but higher than values in natural dentition. However, values in implants are closer to natural dentition than complete denture values. Age, gender or prosthetic wearing time have no influence in active tactile sensibility thresholds. Conclusion: Active tactile sensibility threshold values depend on prosthetic rehabilitations and the mechanoreceptors involved in every situation. Implant prosthesis presents an increased active tactile sensibility thanks to osseoperception phenomenon

Physical activity, dietary habits and sleep quality before and during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal study

[EN] The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the health public authorities to impose a lockdown as an epidemiological containment strategy. This study aimed to provide information regarding the impact of the mandatory confinement on the physical activity, eating disorders risk, sleep quality and well-being on a Spanish sample. An online survey that included the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Eating Attitude Test-26, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was administered two days after the state of alarm was stablished in Spain and five days after such measures began to be eased. Out of the 693 people who answered the first questionnaire, 161 completed the second one. These participants spent a total of 48 days locked at home, a period during which a significant worsening in all the variables assessed except for the risk of developing eating disorders, was observed: weight (kg), 67.3 ± 14.8 vs 67.7 ± 15.1, p = 0.012; physical activity (MET minutes per week), 8515.7 ± 10260.0 vs 5053.5 ± 5502.0, p < 0.001; sleep problems (total score), 6.2 ± 3.5 vs 7.2 ± 3.9, p < 0.001; self-perceived well-being (score), 4 (3–4) vs 3 (3–4), p < 0.001. The confinement had a significant differential effect on physically active participants, who experienced a significant decline (p < 0.05) on their physical activity levels, quality of sleep and well-being; whereas physically inactive participants did not experience significant changes. Findings from this longitudinal study indicate that a lockdown period due to COVID-19 had a negative impact on the physical activity levels, sleep quality and well-being in a group of physically active Spanish adults. Public health authorities should be aware that people who usually lead an active lifestyle, might be particularly susceptible to such disruptionsS

Dual career of junior athletes: Identifying challenges, available resources, and roles of social support providers

Balancing between two different commitments, sport and education, has been demonstrated as one of the significant challenges for dual career athletes, namely student athletes. Since EU guidelines on dual careers of athletes was published, a number of studies have been conducted on the topic of dual careers. One of the Erasmus+ Sport projects, Dual Career for Junior Athletes (DCJA), has been designed to identify three main aspects regarding the dual career of junior athletes, aged between 15 and 19-year-old: the barriers and challenges , resources and skills, and the roles and views of the support staff of the student-athletes. Applying a twofold methodology based on the literature and the EU funded projects reviews, the findings show that there is a clear need of further research on the topic of dual career focused on the junior athletes' needs, coping strategies development, and general aspects of their life. The findings in this study will inform following studies of DCJA project to fill the research gaps identified

Carrera dual de deportistas junior: identificando retos, recursos disponibles, y roles de apoyo social

Balancing between two different commitments, sport and education, has been demonstrated as one of the significant challenges for dual career athletes, namely student athletes. Since EU guidelines on dual careers of athletes was published, a number of studies have been conducted on the topic of dual careers. One of the Erasmus+ Sport projects, Dual Career for Junior Athletes (DCJA), has been designed to identify three main as-pects regarding the dual career of junior athletes, aged between 15 and 19-year-old: the barriers and challeng-es, resources and skills, and the roles and views of the support staff of the student-athletes. Applying a two-fold methodology based on the literature and the EU funded projects reviews, the findings show that there is a clear need of further research on the topic of dual ca-reer focused on the junior athletes’ needs, coping strat-egies development, and general aspects of their life. The findings in this study will inform following studies of DCJA project to fill the research gaps identifiedEl equilibrio entre dos compromisos diferentes, el deporte y la educación, ha sido evidenciado como uno de los desafíos importantes para los deportistas de carrera dual, denominados estudiantes-deportistas. Desde que se publicaron las directrices de la UE sobre la carrera dual de los deportistas, se han realizado una serie de investigaciones sobre el topic de la carrera dual. Uno de los proyectos Erasmus + Sport, Dual Career for Junior Athletes (DCJA) ha sido diseñado para identificar tres aspectos relativos a la Carrera Dual del deportista junior, comprendidos entre 15-19 años: las barreras y retos, los recursos y habilidades, y los roles y puntos de vista del personal de apoyo de los estudiantes-deportistas. Mediante una metodología de investigación doble, basada en la revisión de la literatura y de los proyectos financiados a nivel europeo, se obtuvieron hallazgos que muestran que existe una clara necesidad de más investigación en el tema de la carrera dual centrada en las necesidades, desarrollo de capacidades de afrontamiento y aspectos generales de la vida de los deportistas junior. Los hallazgos de este estudio sentarán la base para los siguientes estudios del proyecto DCJA para solventar los vacíos de investigación identificadosActividad Física y Deport

An International Analysis of Dual Careers Support Services for Junior Athletes in Europe

This study investigates existing support services/systems that support junior dual career athletes in seven different countries. Specifically, the study aimed to identify: 1) What support services/systems are available for junior dual career athletes in the seven countries? and 2) Are there any similarities or differences between the seven countries? Between March 2020 and June 2020, desk-based data collection was conducted to identify any relevant evidence to answer the two research questions. Research teams from seven countries collected data from websites of sports organisations, sports clubs, and schools to identify any structured support services/systems used to help junior athletes manage their dual careers. A deductive approach was applied to analyse the data. The seven countries identified between 10-36 organisational support services/systems which support junior athletes manage their dual career. Many of the sports organisations across the countries provided financial support via a small grant to cover equipment costs, travel expenses, and sport science and medicine support (e.g., physio and sport psychology support). Results indicated holistic support for junior athletes is lacking at the secondary school level. This study has both academic and practical implications. The findings extend the knowledge of organisational support for junior athletes aged between 15 and 19-years-old and addresses a clear gap in both literature and practice. This study contributes to raising awareness of the need for customised support systems for junior dual career athletes and informs relevant authorised bodies of the need to develop evidence-based support schemes

Toluene and Styrene Photo-Oxidation Quantum Efficiency: Comparison between Doped and Composite Tungsten-containing Anatase-based Catalysts

In this work we analyze two series of samples containing tungsten and titania as cations with a W/Ti atomic ratio from 0 to 0.5. The samples are prepared by a single-pot procedure, rendering in all cases high surface area powders having a dominant anatase crystalline phase. The materials were characterized by a combination of X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopies, UV–vis and Raman spectroscopies and morphological measurements. Particular effort was carried out in analyzing the way tungsten and titani-um interact in the materials through a microscopy analysis combining dark field Scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS). Overall the results are able to spot out the samples that show a truly doped character with tungsten exclusively located at (surface and bulk) lattice positions of the anatase structure, from composite catalysts where nanosized tungsten entities are supported over the dominant anatase phase. Activity of the materials in toluene and styrene photo-transformation reactions was measured through the reaction rate and the quantum efficiency observables. The study shows that quantitative comparison requires the stringent calculation of the quantum efficiency and that both the reaction rate and the apparent quantum efficiency can lead to misleading results in terms of the most active sample(s) as well as the (positive/negative) magnitude with respect to the bare titania reference. The quantum efficiency shows that doped samples can always improve titania reference sample(s) while this is not the case for composite samples

Reference ranges of lymphocyte subsets in non-frail older adults

ResumenXunta de Galicia; R2014/02

Lymphocyte subsets in a population of nonfrail elderly individuals

[Abstract] Age-related frailty is characterized by increased vulnerability to stress due to decline in homeostatic reserve, which results in increased risk of adverse health outcomes including disability, hospitalization, and death. The relationship between frailty and immunological system alterations is well established. Thus, analysis of immunological changes, such as alterations in lymphocyte subsets, during senescence may provide useful markers for frailty and associated pathologies. Since reference ranges currently used for lymphocyte subsets do not specifically differentiate the elderly group, the aim of this study was to (1) establish reference ranges in nonfrail elderly individuals and (2) assess the evolution of these parameters with age. Further, the influence of other physiological and lifestyle factors was also evaluated. The study was performed on 144 elderly individuals (aged 65–95) from Galicia (in northwestern Spain). Percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes, CD8+ T-cytotoxic lymphocytes, CD19+ B lymphocytes, and CD56+16+ natural killer cells) were analyzed in peripheral blood by flow cytometry, and reference ranges were calculated. The individual status as nonfrail or prefrail did not markedly affect the immunological parameters, but an apparent influence of age was obtained for %CD3+, %CD4+, and %CD19+ cells, all of which fell with increasing age. Women showed higher levels of %CD19+ lymphocytes. No significant influence of smoking habits, physical activity, or drinking alcohol or caffeine beverages was observed. The results obtained may serve as a basis to establish comparisons between frail and nonfrail elderly individuals, in order to determine the usefulness of lymphocyte subsets as immunological biomarkers of frailty