Thiophene-bridged bis-naphthalimidic structures (even and odd) with n-type and ambipolar ofets applications

A brand new series of thiophene bridged bis-naphthalimides has been obtained. These molecules can act as semiconductors and have an even or an odd number of thiophene rings, so that they vary their molecular dipole moments, which have some influence in their molecular packing. With theoretical calculations, the stability of their derivative -dimers (either parallel or antiparallel) has been elucidated. Results indicate a face-to-face parallel molecular packing for these semiconductors, regardless of their estimated molecular dipole moments. The results obtained are reasonable regarding the field-effect mobilities that have been measured in a bottom-gate topcontact transistor architecture; no direct correlation between performances and dipolar moments is shown. Ambipolar field-effect mobilities have been recorded for the systems of greatest length (2NDI-4T and 2NDI-5T).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Organic ambipolar semiconductors for TFT applications

In the last years we have devoted some effort to the search of new high-mobility semiconductors with ambipolar performances, good processability and environmental stability. Our approach, which is one of the most widely used, consists in the combination of donor and acceptor moieties in the conjugated skeleton, which allows fine tuning of the frontier molecular orbitals. For OTFT applications, low-lying HOMOs are essential to resist air oxidation and thus increase device stability. However, if the HOMO energy is too low, the resulting barrier to hole injection may compromise the transistor performance. Thus, a delicate balance between these two effects is needed. In particular, we have combined naphthaleneimide-derived moieties as electron accepting groups with electron-rich oligothiophene fragments. In these materials, we have found that the presence of ambipolar transport in these planar molecules can be understood on the basis of three interrelated properties: (i) the absence of skeletal distortions allows closer intermolecular pi-pi stacking and enhanced intramolecular pi-conjugation, (ii) increased pi-conjugation raises the HOMO energy, which approaches the Fermi level of common used electrodes; and (iii) more planar structures translate into lower Marcus reorganization energies. However, one of the limitations of these types of semiconductors is the presence of a molecular dipole moment, which forces the molecules to pack with pairwise intermolecular interactions orienting the naphthaleneimide cores in opposite directions, decreasing in some cases molecular orbitals overlapping. In recent contributions, we have devoted our efforts to analyze the effect of molecular interactions, through chemical modifications in order to induce parallel and antiparallel molecular packing, on the electronic properties of ambipolar semiconductors.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Understanding organic materials performance in field-effect transistors

Comunicación oralIn the last years, much of our effort has been devoted to the search and study of new high-mobility semiconductors for organic thin film transistors. The approach used for the materials design has been two-fold: (i) the combination of donor and acceptor moieties in the pi-conjugated skeleton, which allows fine tuning of the frontier molecular orbitals, being this necessary for achieving electron/hole or ambipolar transport and ambient stability; and (ii) rational selection of the type and positioning of specific solubilizing substituents ensuring processability, which is essential to make these materials scalable to industry. However, material processability should be attained minimizing a negative effect on charge transport. Therefore, proper energy levels, planar molecular conformations, close intermolecular pi-pi stacking and adequate thin film crystallinity need to be maintained upon alkyl substitution. In this communication, several examples of molecular and polymeric materials are shown. A rational design, guided by experimental and theoretical evidences, has prompted modifications on their conjugated skeletons, donor/acceptor subunits ratio and/or selection of proper alkyl solubilizing chains, which induce noticeable changes in their electronic performances. The main aim of these studies is the basic understanding of charge transport in organic materials. For this end, we will use Raman spectroscopy and DFT quantum-chemical calculations as important tools for materials characterization.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Semiconducting pi-extended discotic liquid-crystalline triindoles: studying their FET vs. SCLC mobilities

The field of organic electronics has experienced a vast development in the last few years, having the first generation of devices based in this technology already reached the market. Advances achieved in this field have been associated with the research of organic semiconductors able to transport charge carriers with a high mobility. However, finding organic semiconductors with the right balance between mobility and processability is still a challenge in the area. In this context, discotic liquid crystals, constituted by an aromatic central core surrounded by flexible alkyl tails, are among the most promising new candidates. Triindoles have been widely studied as a π-conjugated platforms in the construction of high mobility semiconducting liquid crystals. Three-fold oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of hexaphenyltriindole renders the significantly enlarged aromatic core, with structural characteristics of both triphenylene moieties and triindole. In this π-extended discotic core, the attachment of three flexible alkyl chains to the nitrogen atoms is sufficient to induce mesomorphism. The ratio of conducting versus isolating fraction is impressively enhanced when comparing to triindole liquid crystals, not only by enlarging the size of the central core but also by reducing the amount of isolating peripheral chains. In this presentation the electrical properties of the aforementioned semiconductor have been analyzed by applying two different methods: space-charge limited current (SCLC) measurements in a diode-like structure and field effect mobility measurements in a thin film transistor device. The mobility found on a diode type device is higher than that determined on thin film transistors, which can be understood by the high tendency of large π-conjugated molecules to deposit on surfaces with their extended core parallel to the substrate. This is demonstrated with a full analysis of the active layer of the thin film transistor, in order to analyze the molecular orientation in the semiconductor-dielectric interface, via Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The observation of field effect behavior in a discotic liquid crystal processed by simple drop-casing suggests an increased dimensionality of charge transport by facilitating hopping between neighboring columns as a result of the large conducting/isolating ratio found in this discotic platform. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have been performed in order to enlighten with more detail the charge-transport parameters at a molecular level.Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

La reparación económica a la víctima en el sistema de justicia

En este libro se recogen las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el marco de los Trabajos Fin de Grado de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid en los dobles grados de Derecho y Administración de Empresas, Derecho y Economía durante los cursos 2015/16 y 2016/17. El objetivo principal es evaluar la eficacia de la reparación económica a la víctima. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de campo de las ejecutorias en los Juzgados de lo Penal y la Audiencia Provincial de Madrid en dos etapas, octubre de 2015 y octubre de 2016, , excluyendo delitos menores y delitos relacionados con delitos de tránsito y violencia de género, así como aquellos donde no hubiera víctima.Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado en parte por los proyectos DER2015-66435-P y MTM2014-56535-R, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, y se enmarca en el Proyecto innovación docente de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid titulado Eficacia y Eficiencia de la Justicia, curso 2016/2017.Prólogo / Daniel Peña (pp. 19-20). -- La ineficacia del sistema español en la compensación a través del proceso / Helena Soleto y Aurea Grané (pp. 23-97). -- Asistencia jurídica y turno de oficio para la víctima / Alicia Calvo Barceló (pp. 101-138). -- Competencia judicial en ejecución penal / Alberto Rodríguez Abad (pp. 141-175). -- El fiscal en la ejecución / María García Navarro (pp. 177-214). -- La participación de la víctima en la ejecución / Sara González Pérez (pp. 215-247). -- Investigación patrimonial del condenado / Radad Sennouni El Harti (pp. 249-277). -- La suspensión de la pena privativa y libertad condicional / Sara Jiménez Olbea (pp. 281-306). -- La insolvencia del condenado / Catalina Guzmán Guzmán (pp. 307-324). -- Eficacia del pago y percepción de impunidad: consecuencias de la reparación en el condenado / Rosa González Espejo (pp. 325-342). -- Delitos contra la libertad sexual / María Belén Combarros Gómez (pp. 345-386). -- La víctima del delito de trata de seres humanos e inmigración ilegal / Eduardo Sagra González (pp. 387-407). -- La reparación en violencia de género / Marina García-Navas Gómez (pp. 409-439). -- Reparación en delitos contra la Administración Pública / Irea Riobó Mayo (pp. 441-459). -- La reparación económica en el caso Madrid Arena / Lucía Gimeno Malumbres (pp. 461-487). -- La reparación en el proceso de menores / Miriam López-Terradas Paniagua (pp. 489-513). -- La atenuante por reparación del daño / Adriana Noel Afonso Carracedo (pp. 517-540). -- Reparación y modelos de justicia reparativa / Victoria Martínez Martínez (pp. 541-567). -- Elementos básicos de justicia restaurativa / Mireia Galindo Perpiñán (pp. 569-614). -- El acuerdo de reparación en la justicia reparativa / Ainhoa Berrocal Cañadas (pp. 615-634). -- La indemnización a las víctimas en el Derecho comparado / Alba Peña Díaz (pp. 637-650). -- Las indemnizaciones de la Ley 35/1995 / Inmaculada Ramírez Rodríguez (pp. 651-702). -- El pago de indemnizaciones por el Estado en terrorismo / Ana Pérez Campón (pp. 703-734)

Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy—Case Series: Treatment Decision Algorithm and Success with Medical Treatment

Background: Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies are a rare form of extrauterine pregnancies, yet their incidence has increased along with the rise in the number of cesarean deliveries. As with other ectopic pregnancies, cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies pose a greater risk for maternal hemorrhage and ultimately maternal mortality. Case presentation: We present a series of clinical cases of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasonography. Each patient received an individualized treatment: the rate of success depended on the particular maternal condition in each case. Due to the low frequency of this entity, there are no clear protocols for its treatment and thus there are numerous options for treatment and follow-up: expectant management, medical therapy, surgical intervention, uterine artery embolization or a combined approach. Each method has different levels of success and is dependent on the surgeon’s skill and patient presentation. A transvaginal ultrasound is necessary to obtain the fine details of the gestation sac and its relation to the scar and must be followed by a meticulous abdominal scan with a full bladder. Conclusion: Herein, we present a rare pathological phenomenon whose frequency is on the rise, and for which transvaginal ultrasound and flow Doppler provide high diagnostic accuracy. Early diagnosis of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies offers treatment options that may help avoid uterine rupture and bleeding, thus preserving the uterus and future fertility

Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy-Case Series: Treatment Decision Algorithm and Success with Medical Treatment.

Background: Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies are a rare form of extrauterine pregnancies, yet their incidence has increased along with the rise in the number of cesarean deliveries. As with other ectopic pregnancies, cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies pose a greater risk for maternal hemorrhage and ultimately maternal mortality. Case presentation: We present a series of clinical cases of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasonography. Each patient received an individualized treatment: the rate of success depended on the particular maternal condition in each case. Due to the low frequency of this entity, there are no clear protocols for its treatment and thus there are numerous options for treatment and follow-up: expectant management, medical therapy, surgical intervention, uterine artery embolization or a combined approach. Each method has different levels of success and is dependent on the surgeon's skill and patient presentation. A transvaginal ultrasound is necessary to obtain the fine details of the gestation sac and its relation to the scar and must be followed by a meticulous abdominal scan with a full bladder. Conclusion: Herein, we present a rare pathological phenomenon whose frequency is on the rise, and for which transvaginal ultrasound and flow Doppler provide high diagnostic accuracy. Early diagnosis of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies offers treatment options that may help avoid uterine rupture and bleeding, thus preserving the uterus and future fertility

Mobility versus alignment of a semiconducting π-extended discotic liquid-crystalline triindole

The p-type semiconducting properties of a triphenylene-fused triindole mesogen, have been studied by applying two complementary methods which have different alignment requirements. The attachment of only three flexible alkyl chains to the nitrogen atoms of this π-extended core is sufficient to induce columnar mesomorphism. High hole mobility values (0.65 cm V s) have been estimated by space-charge limited current (SCLC) measurements in a diode-like structure which are easily prepared from the melt, rendering this material a good candidate for OPVs and OLEDs devices. The mobility predicted theoretically via a hole-hopping mechanism is in very good agreement with the experimental values determined at the SCLC regime. On the other hand the hole mobility determined on solution processed thin film transistors (OFETs) is significantly lower, which can be rationalized by the high tendency of these large molecules to align on surfaces with their extended π-conjugated core parallel to the substrate as demonstrated by SERS. Despite the differences obtained with the two methods, the acceptable performance found on OFETs fabricated by simple drop-casting processing of such an enlarged aromatic core is remarkable and suggests facile hopping between neighboring molecular columns owing to the large conducting/isolating ratio found in this discotic compound

informe final año 2003.

Este proyecto estudia la exploración de las proteínas y el papel de los aminoácidos a la respuesta inmunológica de las moléculas en los procesos invasivos. La base experimental en este proyecto, es la modificación de las propiedades químicas del enlace peptídico.CV 170-2003v.1. Final report research project: Functional group Receptors [results and articles]. / Marisol Ocampo Cifuentes. -- Final report research project: Functional group synthesis [results and articles]. / Elizabeth Torres. … [et al.]. -- Final Report of Research Functional group Biocatalisis [results and articles]. / José Manuel Lozano -- Final report research project: Functional group Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Design [results and articles]. / Blanca Fabiola Espejo; Luz Mary Salazar. -- Final research report: Functional group Molecular Biology Malaria [results and articles]. / Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo. -- Final research report: Functional group Molecular Biology Tuberculosis [results and articles]. / Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo. -- v.2. Final research report: Functional group Molecular Immunology [results and articles]. / Carlos Alberto Parra López. -- Final research report: Functional group Epidemiology [results and articles]. / Manuel Elkin Patarroyo -- Final research report: Functional group Molecular Physiology [results and articles]. / Jean Paul Vernot. -- Final research report: Functional group Biomathematics [results and articles]. / Mateo Obregon