Síntesis de alil- y alquenilboronatos por reacciones de carboboración catalizada por Pd

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Fecha de lectura: 23-01-201

Ligand-controlled divergent formation of alkenyl- or allylboronates catalyzed by Pd, and synthetic applications

The use of different ligands allows the preparation of either allyl- or alkenylboronates by Pd-catalyzed borylation of allylic carbonates containing alkyne groups. Unprecedented borylative cyclisation to alkenylboronates takes place with PCy3. The difficult dissociation of NHC ligands allows borylation of carbonates in the presence of alkynes. Oxidation, regioselective Suzuki coupling, as well as Au-catalyzed cycloisomerisation of boronates illustrate the potential synthetic applications of these reactionsThis work was supported by the MICINN (CTQ2010-15927) and the CAM (Project AVANCAT). We thank the UAM for a fellowship to R. L.-D., and the CCC-UAM for computation tim

Caracterización of Newborns under exposure and suffering conditions to SARS-COV 2

Con el objetivo de describir una serie de Neonatos en condiciones de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), en el periodo de tiempo comprendido desde la semana epidemiológica 23 a 32 y 51 a 53, atendidos en una institución Pública de Salud de III nivel de complejidad en Bogotá, D.C. se presenta la caracterización epidemiológica y clínica, evidenciando correlación entre Peso al nacer y Edad gestacional(R=0.85), con un promedio de edad de 30 días (IC95%: 17,94-42,29) (p= 0.98) y estancia en días de 8,9. Predominio del Grupo 0 Positivo y género masculino (52%). El reporte es la primera experiencia en el manejo de pacientes con diagnóstico de la COVID-19 en Colombia. Dentro de los hallazgos al examen físico el más frecuente fue la presencia de desaturación, con una saturación promedio sin oxígeno suplementario de 84%, los otros signos vitales fueron normales al igual que la perfusión distal, lo que indica que ningún paciente presentaba un compromiso severo a su ingreso. En el hemograma la única alteración encontrada fue la presencia de monocitosis con un promedio de monocitos del 12,11% (IC 8.78 – 15,45),  la PCR no mostró alteraciones, siendo negativa con un valor promedio de 0.32 (Punto de corte: positiva > 0.4).With the aim of describing a series of Newborns in conditions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in the period of time from epidemiological week 23 and 32 attended in a Public Health institution of III level of complexity in Bogotá, DC, epidemiological and clinical characterization is presented, showing correlation between birth weight and gestational age (R = 0.85), with an average age of 30 days (95% CI: 17.94-42.29) (p = 0.98) and stay in 8.9 days. Predominance of Group 0 Positive and male gender (52%). The report is the first experience in the management of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Colombia. Among the findings on physical examination, the most frequent was the presence of desaturation, with an average saturation without supplemental oxygen of 84%, the other vital signs were normal, as was the distal perfusion, which indicates that no patient was severely compromised upon admission. In the hemogram, the only alteration found was the presence of monocytosis with an average of 12.11% monocytes (CI 8.78 - 15.45), CRP did not show alterations, being negative with an average value of 0.32 (Cut-off point: positive> 0.4)

Variable downcanyon morphology controlling the recent activity of shelf-incised submarine canyons (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean)

Special issue Submarine Geomorphology and Processes: from coast to deep abyssal plains.-- 22 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables.-- Data availability: Data will be made available on requestThis research aims to distinguish genetic sedimentary processes building canyon geomorphological patterns and the factors driving different sedimentary activities in two nearby Mediterranean shelf-incised submarine canyons (Carchuna and Motril) that exhibit different degrees of incision on the narrow margin of the northern Alboran Sea. The straight Carchuna Canyon incises the shelf up to 200 m off the coastline and exhibit steep canyon walls featuring narrow terraces, muddy sands with high contents of organic matter along the thalweg, and transported shelf benthic foraminifera in distal settings. The Motril Canyon head is wider and incises the shelf edge, ca. 2 km off the coastline. It exhibits a sinuous morphology and less steep walls, wider terraces, and higher sedimentation rates with muddy sediments along the thalweg. In both canyons, cross-section relief, width, incision, and area decrease downslope, although these parameters increase locally. The downslope variations of geomorphological parameters are attributed to enhanced erosional/depositional processes promoted by tectonically controlled abrupt changes of the axial channel orientation. The degree of shelf incision, the location of the canyon heads in relation with the local sediment sources, and the seasonally variable hydrodynamic regimes determine the different degrees of recent canyon activity. The Motril Canyon is interpreted as a mature system that reflects episodic activity, collecting fine-grained sediments from the nearby Guadalfeo River. The Carchuna Canyon exhibits a youthful developmental stage whose activity is more continuous and involves sediment trapping of littoral cells and continuous downslope sand transportThis research was executed in the framework of the following projects: Alboran Shelf-Slope cOupling processes and deep sediMent trAnsfeR: Source To Sink approaches and implications for biodiversity–ALSSOMAR S2S (CTM2017-88237-P), funded by “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad”, Spanish government, and Sediment gravity flows and ANthropogenic Impacts in a MEDiterranean deltaic-and-canyon environment: Causal relationships and consequences–SANIMED (PID2021-125489OB-I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE. This study is also part of Cerrillo-Escoriza's PhD project, supported by Grant PRE2018-084812 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “Invierte en tu future”. [...] I.M. acknowledges to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for Research Assistant contracts DL57/2016/CP1361/CT0009, CEECINST/00052/2021/CP2792/CT0012 and projects UID/0350/2020 CIMA, LA/P/0069/2020ARNET. A.L.Q. is grateful for funding provided by FJC2021-047046-I (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100 011033 and NextGenerationEU/PRTR)With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)Peer reviewe

Guía de práctica clínica para el tratamiento farmacológico y psicológico de los pacientes adultos con trastorno bipolar y un diagnóstico comórbido de trastorno por uso de sustancias

This review synthesizes the pharmacological and psychosocial interventions that have been conducted in comorbid bipolar disorder (BD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) while also providing clinical recommendations about which intervention elements are helpful for addressing substance use versus mood symptoms in patients with these co-occurring conditions. The best evidence from randomized controlled trials was used to evaluate treatment options. The strength of recommendations was described using the GRADE approach. Very few of the randomized trials performed so far have provided consistent evidence for the management of both mood symptoms and substance use in patients with a BD. No clinical trials are available for bipolar patients using cannabis. Some treatments have shown benefit for mood symptoms without benefits for alcohol or illicit substance use. Our results suggest that 1) we can (weakly) recommend the use of adjuvant valproate or naltrexone to improve symptoms of alcohol use disorder; 2) Lamotrigine add-on therapy seems to reduce cocaine-related symptoms and is therefore recommended (moderate strength); and 3) Varenicline is (weakly) recommended to improve nicotine abstinence. Integrated group therapy is the most-well validated and efficacious approach on substance use outcomes if substance use is targeted in an initial treatment phaseEsta revisión resume las intervenciones farmacológicos y psicosociales que se han realizado en trastorno bipolar (TB) y un diagnóstico comórbido de trastorno por uso de sustancias (TUS) y además proporciona recomendaciones clínicas respecto de cuáles elementos de intervención son útiles para hacer frente a los síntomas del uso de sustancias versus los síntomas de estado de ánimo en pacientes con estas afecciones concurrentes. Se utilizó la mejor evidencia de ensayos controlados aleatorizados para evaluar las opciones de tratamiento. La fuerza de las recomendaciones se describió mediante el enfoque GRADE. Muy pocos de los ensayos aleatorizados realizados hasta la fecha han proporcionado evidencia consistente para el manejo tanto de los síntomas de estado de ánimo como del uso de sustancias en pacientes con TB. No hay disponibilidad de ensayos clínicos para pacientes con TB que utilizan el cannabis. Algunos tratamientos han mostrado beneficios para los síntomas de estado de ánimo sin beneficios para el uso de alcohol o sustancias ilícitas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que 1) podemos (débilmente) recomendar el uso de ácido valproico o naltrexona adyuvante para aliviar los síntomas del trastorno por consumo de alcohol; 2) el tratamiento complementario con lamotrigina parece reducir los síntomas relacionados con la cocaína y, por tanto, es recomendable (fuerza moderada); y 3) la vareniclina es recomendable (débilmente) para mejorar la abstinencia de la nicotina. La terapia grupal integrada es el enfoque con más validación y eficacia sobre los resultados en el uso de sustancias cuando este uso es abordado durante la fase inicial de tratamientoS

Subsurface Geophysics and Geology (GEOFSU

[EN] The geophysics line at the IGME began in 1927 as a Geophysics Sectiondedicated to subsurface exploration. During all this time, it has been developed in order to support and give expert service in all IGME’s activities both as a geological service and public research institution, as well as a research and development work itself. On the other hand, in recent years the IGME has promoted a line of research aimed at the characterization and 3D modeling of geological structures and formations, the development of dedicated software and the evolution and sophistication of computer equipment. The new scenario of incorporation of the IGME to the CSIC as a national reference center in the field of Earth Sciences has allowed the establishment of the GEOFSUB Research Group (Subsurface Geophysics and Geology). It is constituted by 21 members who had been collaborating regularly of the IGME former scientific-technic areas Geophysics and remote sensing (Área de Geofísica y Teledetección) and Subsurface geology and 3D geological modelling (Área de Geología del Subsuelo y Modelización Geológica 3D). Our main differentiating element is our extensive knowledge of geophysical and geological techniques, which allows us to characterize the subsoil in an optimal waPeer reviewe

Predictive Power of the "Trigger Tool" for the detection of adverse events in general surgery: a multicenter observational validation study

Background In spite of the global implementation of standardized surgical safety checklists and evidence-based practices, general surgery remains associated with a high residual risk of preventable perioperative complications and adverse events. This study was designed to validate the hypothesis that a new “Trigger Tool” represents a sensitive predictor of adverse events in general surgery. Methods An observational multicenter validation study was performed among 31 hospitals in Spain. The previously described “Trigger Tool” based on 40 specific triggers was applied to validate the predictive power of predicting adverse events in the perioperative care of surgical patients. A prediction model was used by means of a binary logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of adverse events among a total of 1,132 surgical cases included in this study was 31.53%. The “Trigger Tool” had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.27% and 79.55% respectively for predicting these adverse events. A total of 12 selected triggers of overall 40 triggers were identified for optimizing the predictive power of the “Trigger Tool”. Conclusions The “Trigger Tool” has a high predictive capacity for predicting adverse events in surgical procedures. We recommend a revision of the original 40 triggers to 12 selected triggers to optimize the predictive power of this tool, which will have to be validated in future studies

pilotSTRATEGY project 2021-2026: “CO2 Geological Pilots in Strategic Territories”

[EN] The pilotSTRATEGY (2021-2026) is investigating geological CO2 storage sites in industrial regions to support development of large-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS). It is focused on deep saline aquifers–porous rock formations filled with brine several kilometres below ground – which promise a large capacity for storing captured CO2. The goal of the characterisation is to assess the site’s containment, injectivity, capacity, integrity, hydrodynamics, and monitorability in order to ensure safe and permanent storage of CO2. PilotSTRATEGY covers the initial stages of project development up to the pre-final investment decision (pre-FID), regulatory approval and permitting of storage, and applied on selected structures of Paris Basin in France, the Lusitanian Basin in Portugal and the Ebro Basin in Spain, and in lower detail, in West Macedonia in Greece and Upper Silesia in Poland.The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme (10.1 million Euros, No. 101022664).Peer reviewe

States Of Discontent

Latin America’s recent inclusionary turn centers on changing relationships between the popular sectors and the state. Yet the new inclusion unfolds in a region in which most states are weak and prone to severe pathologies, such as corruption, inefficiency, and particularism. The first part of the chapter outlines an argument, developed at more length elsewhere, regarding how “state crises” helped drive the consolidation of three distinct party system trajectories among the eight South American countries where the Left would eventually win power. The second part of the chapter argues that these trajectories differed in three ways that likely conditioned how the concomitant inclusionary Left turn unfolded in each case: the institutionalization of left-wing parties, the occurrence of state transformation via constitutional reform, and the level of state capacity. The discussion helps highlight the central role of the state and its pathologies in both driving alternative paths of political development and in conditioning the politics of inclusion. By putting the emphasis on the state and its pathologies, we can better consider not just the sources of sociopolitical exclusion but also the limits of sociopolitical inclusion

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic