La minería romana en León y Asturias, su importancia en la configuración de los paisajes

Ponencia presentada en el "Seminario sobre la evolución del paisaje vegetal y el uso del fuego en la Cordillera Cantábrica” celebrado el 15 y 16 de noviembre de 2007La minería de oro romana se produjo a ambos lados de la cordillera Cantábrica, en el cuadrante NO de la península Ibérica, durante el Alto Imperio (s. I-II d.C.) Las transformaciones de orden geomorfológico que produjo dejaron una clara huella sobre el paisaje, seguramente la de mayor impacto en la región hasta época muy reciente. La actividad minera romana se hizo de acuerdo con los intereses imperialistas de Roma, que exigían un amplio control sobre el territorio para poder imponer su modelo social y económico, de forma que, por primera vez en el NO, se produjo una ordenación de alcance regional. En ese contexto, la actividad minera se integra como un elemento catalizador en la explotación del territorio y como nuevo factor en la configuración de las formas de dependencia social. Los recursos puestos en explotación no son sólo los estrictamente auríferos, sino que incluyen desde otros de naturaleza mineral, pasando por los hidráulicos, hasta los de carácter agrario. Es decir, las zonas mineras romanas acabaron por contribuir de forma muy destacada a la configuración de un paisaje totalmente renovado, cuyas evidencias forman hoy paisajes culturales de gran interés por su potencial científico y de explotación racional comunitaria.Trabajo realizado dentro del Proyecto Intramural de Frontera del CSIC “Paisajes culturales y naturales del Bierzo: Geoarqueología, Paleoambiente y Paleobiología (BierzoRVN)” (PIF 06-055) y en el marco del convenio de colaboración entre la Junta de Castilla y León y el CSIC sobre zonas mineras antiguas de Castilla y León (CyL-IA-24.044.0006.07). Algunos de los resultados proceden de las aportaciones realizadas dentro de los proyectos “Geoarqueología y organización del territorio en zonas mineras del occidente de la Meseta Norte” (METALA)”, financiado por la Junta de Castilla y León (CSI07/03) y “Formas de ocupación rural en el cuadrante noroccidental de la península Ibérica. Transición y desarrollo entre épocas prerromana y romana (TERRITORIA)”, financiado por el MEC (HUM2004-04010-C02-01 y 02).Peer reviewe

Bernstein polynomials in element-free Galerkin method

In the recent decades, meshless methods (MMs), like the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM), have been widely studied and interesting results have been reached when solving partial differential equations. However, such solutions show a problem around boundary conditions, where the accuracy is not adequately achieved. This is caused by the use of moving least squares or residual kernel particle method methods to obtain the shape functions needed in MM, since such methods are good enough in the inner of the integration domains, but not so accurate in boundaries. This way, Bernstein curves, which are a partition of unity themselves,can solve this problem with the same accuracy in the inner area of the domain and at their boundaries

Emergency department direct discharge compared to short-stay unit admission for selected patients with acute heart failure: analysis of short-term outcomes

Insuficiència cardíaca; Serveis d'urgències mèdiques; MortalitatHeart failure; Emergency service, hospital; MortalityInsuficiencia cardíaca; Servicio hospitalario de urgencias; MortalidadShort stay unit (SSU) is an alternative to conventional hospitalization in patients with acute heart failure (AHF), but the prognosis is not known compared to direct discharge from the emergency department (ED). To determine whether direct discharge from the ED of patients diagnosed with AHF is associated with early adverse outcomes versus hospitalization in SSU. Endpoints, defined as 30-day all-cause mortality or post-discharge adverse events, were evaluated in patients diagnosed with AHF in 17 Spanish EDs with an SSU, and compared by ED discharge vs. SSU hospitalization. Endpoint risk was adjusted for baseline and AHF episode characteristics and in patients matched by propensity score (PS) for SSU hospitalization. Overall, 2358 patients were discharged home and 2003 were hospitalized in SSUs. Discharged patients were younger, more frequently men, with fewer comorbidities, had better baseline status, less infection, rapid atrial fibrillation and hypertensive emergency as the AHF trigger, and had a lower severity of AHF episode. While their 30-day mortality rate was lower than in patients hospitalized in SSU (4.4% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001), 30-day post-discharge adverse events were similar (27.2% vs. 28.4%, p = 0.599). After adjustment, there were no differences in the 30-day risk of mortality of discharged patients (adjusted HR 0.846, 95% CI 0.637-1.107) or adverse events (1.035, 0.914-1.173). In 337 pairs of PS-matched patients, there were no differences in mortality or risk of adverse event between patients directly discharged or admitted to an SSU (0.753, 0.409-1.397; and 0.858, 0.645-1.142; respectively). Direct ED discharge of patients diagnosed with AHF provides similar outcomes compared to patients with similar characteristics and hospitalized in a SSU.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following fnancial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was partially supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III supported with funds from the Spanish Ministry of Health and FEDER (PI15/01019, PI18/00393) and Fundació La Marató de TV3 (2015/2510). The Emergencies: Processes and Pathologies research group of the IDIBAPS receives fnancial support from the Catalonian government for consolidated groups of investigation (GRC 2009/1385 and 2014/0313)

Estudios de sensibilidad a SN utilizando un detector TPC esférico

El análisis de eventos astronómicos mediante diferentes mensajeros provenientes del medio interestelar es uno de los campos más desarrollados en el campo de la astrofísica, especialmente en el estudio de sucesos raros como las supernovas (SN). Uno de los grandes problemas es la posibilidad de que estos mensajeros pueden interactuar y alterarse a lo largo de su trayectoria. Por este motivo una de las últimas propuestas considera la detección de neutrinos como mensajeros ideales, en especial nos centraremos en el proceso de dispersión elástica coherente de neutrinos por un núcleo (CEvNS). Este canal de detección nos permitiría predecir y detectar eventos de supernovas mucho antes que cualquier otro experimento. Actualmente los detectores de neutrinos requieren de una gran extensión, lo cual limita en gran medida la cantidad de detectores disponibles y el control de los mismos. En este trabajo estudiaremos el diseño un detector gaseoso TPC con geometría esférica (STPC) y su viabilidad gracias a su bajo ruido electrónico y umbral de detección. Analizaremos las distintas características del detector, como el gas blanco a utilizar así como las diferentes configuraciones del mismo teniendo en cuenta su geometría, ubicación y la posible adición de un tanque de agua como sistema de reducción del fondo de detección. Para ello realizaremos análisis y simulaciones de las diferentes contribuciones al fondo de la señal de neutrinos donde obtendremos una señal de 6.38 eventos/keV/s con un fondo de 7 eventos/keV/s, concluyendo la posible viabilidad de la construcción del detector STPC en superficie con un tanque de agua usando mayores presiones o blindajes.<br /

Multimodality imaging approach for combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion: the role of optical coherence tomography angiography

Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion is an uncommon vascular pathology that can cause severe and permanent visual impairment. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a newly available, noninvasive imaging technique that can potentially improve understanding of the structural and vascular implications and prognosis of this infrequent pathology. The present report describes the principal clinical findings in a case of combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion, as detected by the different imaging modalities available in a tertiary referral hospital. OCTA wide-field montage images identified an extensive area of nonperfusion on the macula with involvement of the entire retina at nearly 360°. We observed the most severe nonperfusion in the deep capillary plexus, while perfusion of the choriocapillaris was unaffected. Meanwhile, fluorescein angiography (FA) findings revealed a delay in perfusion rate with marked nonperfusion areas in the peripheral retina at 360°. We identified that the wide-field OCTA montage permitted visualization of a similar or wider peripheral retinal area compared with FA. Therefore, OCTA is potentially useful for assessment of the global retinal nonperfusion status at baseline and during follow-up, with the added advantage of being a noninvasive techniqueThis work was supported in part by the Mutua Madrileña project (Ref. 2017/365)S

Impacto de las características de la red eléctrica en canales MIMO PLC domésticos

The recent release of indoor Power Line Communications (PLC) specifications with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) capabilities has significantly increased the bit rates achieved in these channels. However, the performance reached by the use of these methods may differ from one location to another due to the heterogeneous nature of the domestic power grid. In this work, a closer look at the relation between channel performance and the power grid cabling is taken. To that end, some channel features like attenuation, spatial correlation and capacity are analyzed by means of a set of 50 simulated channel topologies in the frequency band from 1 to 80 MHz.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The Origin and Architectural and Technological Characteristics and Opportunities for the Reuse of Portugal’s EPAC Silo Network

[EN] Portugal’s EPAC (Empresa Pública do Abastecimiento dos Cereais) silo network, initially planned in the 1930s but constructed and utilised primarily in the 1970s, consisted of 31 silos with a total capacity of 841,100 t. The network’s usage declined, however, due to market liberalisation and Portugal’s accession to the European Economic Community in 1985. This study focuses on adapting a methodology to inventory and analyse the 31 silos in the EPAC network, considering their general features, construction, technological facilities, and socioeconomic aspects. The silos are situated in 30 cities and towns, predominantly in the country’s key grain-growing regions, particularly the Alentejo region. While there are variations in design and construction, most EPAC silos contain two or three rows of circular reinforced concrete cells and use the spaces between cells for storage. Their capacities range from 6000 to 35,000 t. Some are inland grain reception and storage silos, while others are larger-capacity port silos designed to unload grain rapidly onto ships using mechanical or pneumatic unloaders. These structures are a significant part of Portugal’s agro-industrial heritage and have, in some cases, been repurposed as museums or event venues. Compared to other agro-industrial buildings, silos pose unique conversion challenges due to their height and design complexities. Examples of successful reuse in countries like Spain and Italy may provide insights for potential silo projects in Portugal. However, analysis suggests that such proposals and similar initiatives may be viable only in the more highly populated towns.S

Spain’s national network of silos and granaries: architectural and technological change over time

[EN] Aim of study: To analyse the 670 silos in Spain’s NNSG (National Network of Silos and Granaries), along with the changes in typologies and degree of mechanisation taking place over time. Area of study: Spain. Material and methods: Research began in 2014, collecting NNSG grain storage data across Spain further to the methodology developed by the authors. In a first stage the information was gathered from the FEGA’s general archives in Madrid and the archives of the departments of agriculture in the 13 regions where silos were built. In the second stage of the study, 665 silos were explored in situ. Photographs were taken and information was gathered on their characteristics (general features; architectural features; technological facilities). Main results: This paper discusses the architectural and typological changes taking place over time, from the earliest small, local, richly adorned brick silos to larger, more modern and austere reinforced concrete structures. The machinery with which they are fitted is also addressed, with the progression from basic grain storage to more sophisticated equipment designed to clean, refrigerate or disinfect the grain. Some facilities were used exclusively to select and condition seed for subsequent sowing. The most modern structures, known as macrosilos, are highly mechanised affairs. Research highlights: Spain’s national network of silos and granaries was 41 years in the building. The inventory of the 665 existing silos identified 20 types or subtypes. Early richly adorned units gradually gave way to more austere, functional structures. The machinery in place in silos varied with type/purpose and period of construction.SIThe authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by the staffs of the general FEGA archives at Madrid and the archives of the regional Departments of Agriculture and city governments throughout Spain where silos are site

Assessment of Maternal Effects and Genetic Variability in Resistance to Verticillium dahliae in Olive Progenies

The use of genetic resistance is likely the most efficient, economically convenient and environmentally friendly control method for plant diseases, as well as a fundamental piece in an integrated management strategy. This is particularly important for woody crops affected by diseases in which mainly horizontal resistance mechanisms are operative, such as Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae. In this study, we analyzed the variability in resistance to Verticillium wilt of olive trees in progenies from five crosses: ‘Picual’ × ‘Frantoio’, ‘Arbosana’ × ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Sikitita’ × ‘Arbosana’, ‘Arbosana’ × ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Arbosana’ × ‘Arbequina’ and their respective reciprocal crosses. Additionally, seedlings of ‘Picual’ and ‘Frantoio’ in open pollination were used as controls. In October 2016 and 2018, the fruits were harvested, and seeds germinated. Six-week-old seedlings were inoculated by dipping their bare roots in a conidial suspension of V. dahliae, and disease progress in terms of symptom severity and mortality was evaluated weekly. Additionally, seedling growth was evaluated every two weeks. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences were found for any of the assessed parameters when reciprocal crosses were compared. These results suggest that there is no maternal or paternal effect in regard to the heritability of resistance. In addition, this study identifies the best crosses for obtaining the highest number of resistant genotypes, highlighting the importance of the selection of specific cultivars to optimize the breeding process