Contenido curricular de física en Educación primaria

La educación primaria es una etapa fundamental en el desarrollo de los niños a nivel madurativo, personal y afectivo. Todo ello fundamentado en un ambiente que propicia el aprendizaje mediante una serie de estrategias metodológicas que amenizan el proceso de enseñanza. Dentro de esta etapa, cabe destacar la importancia de las Ciencias de la Naturaleza y las Ciencias Sociales, ya que son áreas en las que el alumno descubre su entorno más cercano y a partir de las cuales empieza a entender el mundo que le rodea. Es por ello que se precisa un buen análisis y desarrollo de los contenidos, objetivos y metodologías de dichas áreas, para que así se permita al alumno desarrollar de manera idónea los conocimientos de estas materias y comprenda mejor la realidad en la que vive.Grado en Educación Primari

Micro-Jet Test Facility for Aerospace Propulsion Engineering Education

This paper describes the methodology that has been developed and implemented at the School ofAeronautics (ETSIA) of the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM) to familiarize aerospaceengineering students with the operation of real complex jet engine systems. This methodology has atwo-pronged approach: students carry out preparatory work by using, first, a gas turbineperformance prediction numerical code; then they validate their assumptions and results on anexperimental test rig. When looking at the educational aspects, we have taken care that, apart frombeing sufficiently robust and flexible, the experimental set-up is similar to real jet engine rigs, so thestudents are not constrained to exploring a much too limited parametric space. Also, because afacility like this is usually subject to extensive and somewhat rugged use, we have focused on a lowcost design

An experimental research programme on heterogeneous combustion processes under microgravity conditions. Preliminary results

In the present work preliminary results are given of an experimental programme on flame spreading over the surface of PMMA rods in NgO2 mixtures under microgravity conditions. Results were obtained in the NASA KC-135 aircraft laboratory. Six experiments were carried out in March of this year and 36 more experiments will be conducted in March 1987. These preliminary experiments allowed to determine the flame spreading velocities for three different mixture compositions, showing that they were smaller but of the same order of magnitude than downwards spreading velocities at one g and for the same mixture condition

An Experimental Programme on Flame Spreading at Reduced Gravity Conditions.

An experimental programme on flame spreading over the surface of polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) samples has been conducted at reduced gravity conditions in the NASA KC-135 air craft laboratory. A total of 36 experiments were performed. From the results of these experiments the flame spreading velocities over PMMA samples have been obtained, as well as their laws of variation with pressure and mixture composition. Both cylindrical and flat samples have been investigated. These results were compared with those obtained for the same conditions of pressure and composition on the ground at 1 g. In this way it was shown how gravity does influence the spreading process and how this influence was affected by pressure and mixture composition

Alberto Masferrer, Augusto César Sandino: Antiimperialismo, espiritualismo y utopía en la década de 1920

Este artículo estudia algunos aspectos del pensamiento de Alberto Masferrer (1868-1932) y Augusto César Sandino (1895-1934), tratando de explicarlos en el marco de las nuevas propuestas intelectuales que surgen en Hispanoamérica en las tres primeras décadas del siglo XX. A pesar de que hay aspectos incompatibles entre ambos, este estudio pretende demostrar que existían afinidades y, además, que varios de esos rasgos eran compartidos por otros intelectuales de la época. Se trata de establecer algunas similitudes entre Masferrer y Sandino examinando el contexto histórico en que vivieron y lucharon, y las relaciones que mantuvieron con otros intelectuales de la región. Se estudia el acercamiento de ambos al espiritualismo y la teosofía, y cómo estas ideas condicionaron sus propuestas políticas y, en cierto momento, pudieron ser una manera de sobrellevar el fracaso de sus proyectos.This work studies some aspects of the thought of Alberto Masferrer (1868-1932) and Augusto César Sandino (1895-1934), in the context of the new intellectual tendencies that appear in Latin America at the beginning of the 20th century. Althought they were incompatible in some aspects, this study intends to show that they also coincided; furthermore, they had many subjects in common with other writers at that time. The aim is to present similarities in the ideas of Masferrer and Sandino, analyzing the historical context in which they lived and worked, and their relationships with other intellectuals of the region. Their spiritualism and theosophical thinking is studied, as well as the way that these ideas conditioned their reformist political proposals and, in some ways, may have helped them to accept the failure of their social and political projects

Assessment of experimental optical techniques for characterizing heat transfer using numerical simulations

This manuscript addresses the application of numerical simulations for assessing the error in the measurement of the bulk temperature along the laser beam of a 3D flow using a 2D Moiré deflectometry analysis. To analyze the effect of different flow parameters on the error, a 3D computational model of an experimental system was developed. The simulated domain represents the well-known solution of the backward facing step in a rectangular channel but includes a hot-plate at the bottom of the step to enhance the heat transfer effects. The geometry resembles that found in a general heat exchanger. The difference between the computed bulk temperature of the flow and the average temperature obtained via the 2D Moiré is analytically evaluated for various assumed general temperature profiles; the numerically computed profiles of temperature indicates that the error decreases with the channel aspect ratio. The use of CFD enables the determination of the flow topology and thus an evaluation of the 3D flow behavior that will cause the measurement error. A parametric study was performed for different flow conditions, namely, the aspect ratio of the channel, the inflow conditions (flow velocity or Reynolds number), and the temperature of the hot wall. The results indicate that the Moiré technique is suitable for evaluating the bulk temperature in typical heat exchange devices and flow conditions

A study of the combustion problems of solid materials at conditions existing in space stations

Combustión of a solid at microgravity conditions at zero or at very small forced flow velocities is in the first place discussed, pointing out that this is the basic process of a fire in a manned spacecraft, in which might exist small air currents originated by the air conditioning equipment or by the motion of the people. Results of an experimental programme carried out in the 23rd ESA Flight campaign 96/12 and utilising a NASA aircraft laboratory, are shown and discussed. Six combustión chambers were utilised provided with video and infrared cameras. Non visible flames in the visual range were originated at two oxygen concentrations, and photographs were taken by means of an infrared camera. Several ignition tests at different oxygen concentrations were performed and flammability limits were obtained. Fíame spread velocities were measured and compared at three different gravity levéis (1 g, ~10"2 g and 10"4 g). A combustión research programme to be carried out in a Texus rocket, already in progress is briefly discussed. Finally, the scope of a complete research programme, which is in the process of being carried out in the NASA combustión module of the International Space Station is briefly resumed

The palm tree in the landscape of the Bajo Segura basin irrigated area. An identity element in need of protection

La palmera, como aprovechamiento agrícola, ha estado estrechamente vinculada al espacio de la Huerta generado a lo largo de los siglos en la llanura aluvial del Segura. Los múltiples usos derivados de ésta han fortalecido su permanencia, a la vez que la imagen identitaria con que se asocia al territorio. Su presencia ha quedado plasmada en escritos de todo tipo desde la Ilustración hasta nuestros días, lo que permite contrastar la visión de entonces con la situación que atraviesa en la actualidad. Para ello se analizan tres ámbitos diferentes, San Isidro, una población entre palmeras tras la colonización de suelos salinos; el Palmeral de Orihuela, como pervivencia de un enclave histórico ligado a los rendimientos mixtos de la tierra; y finalmente, la dispersión generalizada de la palmera por el medio agrario.The palm tree, regarded as an agrarian resource, has been closely linked to the orchards, or spaces of "Huerta", developed over centuries in the Segura River fertile plains. The multiple uses of the palm tree have guaranteed its continuity and strengthened its association with the identity image related to this territory. Its presence has been captured in all types of written documents, from the Enlightenment to recent times, allowing us to compare ancient vision and present situation. To develop this comparison the paper analyses three different contexts: San Isidro, a town built between palms previously planted on saline soil, the Palmeral of Orihuela, a survival remain of a historic site associated with mixed cultivation of land and, finally, the generalized palm tree dispersion through the agrarian landscape

The palm tree, an identity-defining element in the Huerta landscape of Bajo Segura (SE of Spain)

La palmera, por sus múltiples aprovechamientos (agrícola, constructivo, ritual e industrial), ha sido tradicionalmente un elemento identitario en el paisaje huertano del Bajo Segura. En las últimas décadas su presencia se ha restringido, al perder las funciones que antaño cumplía, a lo que se ha unido la plaga del picudo rojo y la comercialización masiva con fines ornamentales para las nuevas áreas residenciales. El artículo aborda la presencia de esta especie en el territorio desde diversas visiones y en diferentes épocas: la estética de la literatura de viajes, la productiva de los tratados científicos o la emocional de las obras de creación.The palm tree, because of its numerous uses (agricultural, constructive, ritual and industrial), has been traditionally an identity-defining element in the landscape of the Bajo Segura irrigated area (SE of Spain). In recent decades, its presence has been limited, by the loss of functions that palm tree previously carried out, currently joined to the red palm weevil pest (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) and the massive sale with ornamental purposes in the new built-up areas emerged from residential tourism boom. This article deals with the presence of the Palm in the territory from several views and in different times: the aesthetic of travel literature, the productive of scientific reports or the emotional of artistic works