Molecular identification of the main allergens present in household dust of asthmatic patients

The main aeroallergens present in house dust are the mites,Dermatophagoidespteronyssinus (Derp) andDermatophagoidesfarinae (Derf), and cockroaches,Periplanetaamericana (Pera). Objective: This work aims to genetically identify the allergens Derp, Derf, and Pera in household dust of asthmatic patients. Materials and methods: 29 patients, aged between 3 and 17 years, were classified as asthmatic or non-asthmatic according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC). Subjectscompleted a complementary questionnaire and skin hypersensitivity tests were performed. House dust was collected from these patients, filtered, and then DNA was extracted. Polymerase chain reactions were performed to identify Derp, Derf, and Pera in the samples. Results: There was an association between Pera sensitization and onset of asthma. There was also an association between the presence of Derp in the home of asthmatic patients and the worsening of symptoms, such as wheezing in the chest and allergic rhinitis. An association between the presence of Derf in house dust of asthmatic patients and the symptoms of allergic rhinitis was found. These data suggest that cockroach sensitization is a predominant factor in asthmatic children and the presence of mite allergens contributesto the worsening of asthma symptoms

Population-based seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the herd immunity threshold in Maranhão

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon

Brazilian consortium for the study on renal diseases associated with COVID-19 : a multicentric effort to understand SARS-CoV-2-related nephropathy

Kidney involvement appears to be frequent in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite this, information concerning renal involvement in COVID-19 is still scarce. Several mechanisms appear to be involved in the complex relationship between the virus and the kidney. Also, different morphological patterns have been described in the kidneys of patients with COVID-19. For some authors, however, this association may be just a coincidence. To investigate this issue, we propose assessing renal morphology associated with COVID-19 at the renal pathology reference center of federal university hospitals in Brazil. Data will come from a consortium involving 17 federal university hospitals belonging to Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) network, as well as some state hospitals and an autopsy center. All biopsies will be sent to the referral center for renal pathology of the EBSERH network. The data will include patients who had coronavirus disease, both alive and deceased, with or without pre-existing kidney disease. Kidney biopsies will be analyzed by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Furthermore, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for various inflammatory cells (i.e., cells expressing CD3, CD20, CD4, CD8, CD138, CD68, and CD57) as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) will be performed on paraffinized tissue sections. In addition to ultrastructural assays, in situ hybridization (ISH), IHC and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) will be used to detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in renal tissue. For the patients diagnosed with Collapsing Glomerulopathy, peripheral blood will be collected for apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) genotyping. For patients with thrombotic microangiopathy, thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), antiphospholipid, and complement panel will be performed. The setting of this study is Brazil, which is second behind the United States in highest confirmed cases and deaths. With this complete approach, we hope to help define the spectrum and impact, whether immediate or long-term, of kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2

Participation of the inflammatory response induced by Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute myocardial infarction

Os agentes infecciosos têm sido considerados iniciadores da desestabilização da placa de ateroma. Este mecanismo pode estar relacionado a uma intensificação do processo inflamatório através da interação dos receptores de membrana CD14 e TLR com os microorganismos. Para avaliar esta hipótese, estudou-se a participação da resposta inflamatória induzida por Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cp) e Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) em indivíduos com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Avaliou-se também, a possível associação entre polimorfismos dos genes CD14, TLR2, TLR4 e TNFA e a expressão dos genes IL6, TLR2, TLR4 e TNFA em leucócitos do sangue periférico, assim como a sua associação com o IAM. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo caso-controle constituído por pacientes com IAM e por indivíduos sem evidência de doença cardiovascular (grupo controle). As imunoglobulinas IgM e IgG séricas anti-Cp foram detectadas por imunofluorescência indireta. O DNA dos agentes infecciosos foi detectado no sangue periférico pela PCR em tempo real. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos TNFA -308G>A, IL6 -174G>C, CD14 -260C>T, TLR4 (Asp299Gli e Thr39911e) e TLR2 Arg753Gln e a quantificação relativa da expressão gênica nas células sanguíneas foram analisados pela PCR em tempo real. A porcentagem de positividade para DNA de Cp foi de 18,0% e 8,1% nos grupos IAM e controle (p=0,071), respectivamente, (p=0,071). Foram positivos para DNA de Mp, 5,0% e 11,2% dos indivíduos nos grupos IAM e controle, respectivamente (p=0,318). Sete indivíduos (7,1%) do grupo IAM tiveram títulos anti-Cp IgG positivos (1:512) e 3,9% dos indivíduos do grupo controle (p=0,718). A expressão do TLR4 foi significantemente menor no grupo IAM (0,00113±0,00102) comparado ao grupo controle (0,00144±0,000806; p=0,003). As frequências genotípicas e alelicas dos polimorfismos TNFA -308G>A, CD14 -260C>T, TLR4 (Asp299GIi e Thr39911e) e TLR2 Arg753Gln foram similares entre os grupos estudados (p>0,05) sugerindo que esses polimorfismos não estão associados com IAM nesta amostra populacional. No grupo IAM, houve associação entre o genótipo -260CT+TI CD14 com títulos IgG anti-Cp detectados na diluição 1:16 (p=0,042). Da mesma forma, o alelo A do polimorfismo -308G>A TNF-α foi associado com títulos positivos de IgG anti-Cp na diluição 1:512 (p=0,0058). No grupo IAM, pacientes positivos para DNA de Cp tiveram maiores concentrações de fibrinogênio do que pacientes negativos para este agente infeccioso (541,8±161,5mg/dL e 450,5±196,8mg/dL, respectivamente; p=0.043). Os agentes infecciosos Chlamydophila pneumoniae e Mycoplasma pneumoniae não foram significantemente mais frequentes em indivíduos que tiveram infarto agudo do miocárdio em relação ao grupo controle, porém houve uma associação, no grupo IAM, entre positividade para DNA de C. pneumoniae e concentrações mais elevadas de fibrinogênio.Atheroma plaque instability has been attributed to the presence of some infectious agents. This mechanism may be related with increased stimulus of inflammatory process through interactions of CD14 and TLR with infectious agents. In this present study, it was evaluated the association of the presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumonia with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A case-control study was conducted with AMI patients and non-AMI individuais as controls. Immunoglobulin G (lgG) and IgM antibodies anti-Chlamydophila pneumoniae were detected by indirect immunifluorescent assay and the Cp DNA and Mp DNA were detected by real time PCR (RT-PCR) in peripheral blood cells. Using the same method, the individuals were genotyped and the gene expressions of TLR2, TLR4, IL-6 e TNF-α were evaluated by RT-qPCR. In AMI patients, Cp DNA and Mp DNA were positive in 18,0% and 5,0% samples, respectively. In controls, 8,1% and 11,2% were positive for Cp DNA and Mp DNA, respectively. TLR4 expression was significantly decreased in AMI patients (0.00113±0.001 02) compared with controls (0.00144±0.000S06; p=0.003). The frequencies of -308G>A TNF-α., -260C>T CD14, Asp299Gli TLR4, Thr39911e TLR4e Arg753Gln TLR2 SNPs in AMI group were similar to those found in controls. On the other hand, In AMI group, the -260CT+TT CD14 genotype was associated with anti-CP IgG antibody titer of 1/16. Likewise, the rare allele of -308G>A TNF-α was associated with anti-CP IgG antibody titer of 1/16. Cp DNA positive patients had high concentration of fibrinogen when compared with negative patients. In conclusion, Cp DNA and Mp DNA positivity were not associated with AMI

Polymorphism of the gene CD14, TLR2, TLR4, IL6 and your association with myocardial infarction in young adults

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possível associação entre os polimorfismos -260C/T do gene CD14, Arg753Gln do gene TLR2, Asp299Gli e Thr39911e do gene TLR4 e -174G/C do gene IL6 com o infarto do miocárdio em adultos jovens. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo caso controle, sendo o grupo de estudo constituído por 102 pacientes que tiveram de infarto do miocárdio (34,5 ± 5 anos) e o grupo controle (35,1±8,7 anos) por 108 indivíduos sem histórico de doenças cardiovasculares. A genotipagem foi realizada pela PCRRFLP. Houve ausência de associação entre a distribuição dos genótipos dos SNPs -260C/T do gene CD14, Arg753Gln do gene TLR2, Asp299Gli e Thr39911e do gene TLR4 e -174G/C do gene IL6 entre os dois grupos estudados (p<0,05). O perfil sérico inflamatório e hematológico relacionou-se com polimorfismo -174G/C IL-6 do grupo IAM. O genótipo GG relacionou com elevação nas concentrações de PAI-1 (p<0,0001), o genótipo GC com maiores quantidades de hemácias (p=0,02) e o genótipo CC com concentrações elevadas de fibrinogênio (p<0,01) e quantidade aumentada de leucócitos (p<0,05). O genótipo CC do polimorfismo -260C/T CD14 também mostrou relação com a elevação nas concentrações de PAI-1 (0,0001) e o genótipo CT com o de fibrinogênio (p<0,01). O genótipo GG do polimorfismo -174G/C IL-6 relacionou com elevação nas concentrações de glicose (p<0,05) e o genótipo CC com diminuição nas concentrações de apoA (p<0,01), HDL (p<0,001) e elevação nas de LDL (p<0,05), colesterol total (p<0,05). O genótipo CT do polimorfismo -260C/T CD14 também relacionou com concentrações elevadas de colesterol total (p<0,0001). Em conclusão, os polimorfismos não estão relacionados com o infarto do miocárdio em jovens, porém os SNPs -260CT CD14 e -174 IL-6 parecem estar relacionados com o perfil sérico inflamatório, hematológico e bioquímico de pacientes enfartados.The objective of this study was to assess the possible association between the polymorphism - 260C/T of the gene CD14, Arg7S3Gln TLR2, Asp299Gli and Thr399lle TLR4 and - 174G/C of the gene IL6 with myocardial infarction in young adults. For that a case control study was conducted and the case group was formed by 102 patients who had myocardial infarction, and the control group by 108 individuals without history of cardiovascular disease. The genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. There was no association between the distribution of genotypes of SNPs - 260C/T of the gene CD14, Arg7S3Gln TLR2, Asp299Gli and Thr399lle TLR4 and -174G/C of the gene IL6 between the two groups studied (p<0.05). The serum inflammatory blood profile was related with polymorphism - 174G/C IL-6 in the group IAM. The GG genotype was linked with elevated PAI-1 concentrations (p<0.0001), the genotype GC with larger quantities of red blood cells (p=0.02) and CC genotype with high concentrations of fibrinogênio (p<0.01) and leucocytes increased quantity (p<0.05). The CC genotype of polymorphism of -260C/T CD14 also showed associated with the elevation in PAI-1 concentrations (p<0.0001) and the CT genotype with elevated fibrinogênio concentrations (p<0.01). The GG genotype of the -174G/C IL-6 polymorphism was related with elevated glucose concentrations (p<0.05) and CC genotype with decrease in the apoA (p <0.01) and HDL (p<0001) concentrations and elevation of the LDL (p <0.05), total cholesterol (p <0.05) concentrations. The CT genotype of -260C / T CD14 polymorphism also was Iinked with high total cholesterol concentrations (p <0.0001). In conclusion, the polymorphism is not associated with myocardial infarction in young patients, but the -260CT CD14 and -174 IL-6 SNPs appear to be related to the serum biochemical, hematological and inflammatory blood profile in patients that had myocardial infarction

Polymorphism of the gene CD14, TLR2, TLR4, IL6 and your association with myocardial infarction in young adults

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possível associação entre os polimorfismos -260C/T do gene CD14, Arg753Gln do gene TLR2, Asp299Gli e Thr39911e do gene TLR4 e -174G/C do gene IL6 com o infarto do miocárdio em adultos jovens. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo caso controle, sendo o grupo de estudo constituído por 102 pacientes que tiveram de infarto do miocárdio (34,5 ± 5 anos) e o grupo controle (35,1±8,7 anos) por 108 indivíduos sem histórico de doenças cardiovasculares. A genotipagem foi realizada pela PCRRFLP. Houve ausência de associação entre a distribuição dos genótipos dos SNPs -260C/T do gene CD14, Arg753Gln do gene TLR2, Asp299Gli e Thr39911e do gene TLR4 e -174G/C do gene IL6 entre os dois grupos estudados (p<0,05). O perfil sérico inflamatório e hematológico relacionou-se com polimorfismo -174G/C IL-6 do grupo IAM. O genótipo GG relacionou com elevação nas concentrações de PAI-1 (p<0,0001), o genótipo GC com maiores quantidades de hemácias (p=0,02) e o genótipo CC com concentrações elevadas de fibrinogênio (p<0,01) e quantidade aumentada de leucócitos (p<0,05). O genótipo CC do polimorfismo -260C/T CD14 também mostrou relação com a elevação nas concentrações de PAI-1 (0,0001) e o genótipo CT com o de fibrinogênio (p<0,01). O genótipo GG do polimorfismo -174G/C IL-6 relacionou com elevação nas concentrações de glicose (p<0,05) e o genótipo CC com diminuição nas concentrações de apoA (p<0,01), HDL (p<0,001) e elevação nas de LDL (p<0,05), colesterol total (p<0,05). O genótipo CT do polimorfismo -260C/T CD14 também relacionou com concentrações elevadas de colesterol total (p<0,0001). Em conclusão, os polimorfismos não estão relacionados com o infarto do miocárdio em jovens, porém os SNPs -260CT CD14 e -174 IL-6 parecem estar relacionados com o perfil sérico inflamatório, hematológico e bioquímico de pacientes enfartados.The objective of this study was to assess the possible association between the polymorphism - 260C/T of the gene CD14, Arg7S3Gln TLR2, Asp299Gli and Thr399lle TLR4 and - 174G/C of the gene IL6 with myocardial infarction in young adults. For that a case control study was conducted and the case group was formed by 102 patients who had myocardial infarction, and the control group by 108 individuals without history of cardiovascular disease. The genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. There was no association between the distribution of genotypes of SNPs - 260C/T of the gene CD14, Arg7S3Gln TLR2, Asp299Gli and Thr399lle TLR4 and -174G/C of the gene IL6 between the two groups studied (p<0.05). The serum inflammatory blood profile was related with polymorphism - 174G/C IL-6 in the group IAM. The GG genotype was linked with elevated PAI-1 concentrations (p<0.0001), the genotype GC with larger quantities of red blood cells (p=0.02) and CC genotype with high concentrations of fibrinogênio (p<0.01) and leucocytes increased quantity (p<0.05). The CC genotype of polymorphism of -260C/T CD14 also showed associated with the elevation in PAI-1 concentrations (p<0.0001) and the CT genotype with elevated fibrinogênio concentrations (p<0.01). The GG genotype of the -174G/C IL-6 polymorphism was related with elevated glucose concentrations (p<0.05) and CC genotype with decrease in the apoA (p <0.01) and HDL (p<0001) concentrations and elevation of the LDL (p <0.05), total cholesterol (p <0.05) concentrations. The CT genotype of -260C / T CD14 polymorphism also was Iinked with high total cholesterol concentrations (p <0.0001). In conclusion, the polymorphism is not associated with myocardial infarction in young patients, but the -260CT CD14 and -174 IL-6 SNPs appear to be related to the serum biochemical, hematological and inflammatory blood profile in patients that had myocardial infarction

Participation of the inflammatory response induced by Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in acute myocardial infarction

Os agentes infecciosos têm sido considerados iniciadores da desestabilização da placa de ateroma. Este mecanismo pode estar relacionado a uma intensificação do processo inflamatório através da interação dos receptores de membrana CD14 e TLR com os microorganismos. Para avaliar esta hipótese, estudou-se a participação da resposta inflamatória induzida por Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cp) e Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) em indivíduos com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Avaliou-se também, a possível associação entre polimorfismos dos genes CD14, TLR2, TLR4 e TNFA e a expressão dos genes IL6, TLR2, TLR4 e TNFA em leucócitos do sangue periférico, assim como a sua associação com o IAM. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo caso-controle constituído por pacientes com IAM e por indivíduos sem evidência de doença cardiovascular (grupo controle). As imunoglobulinas IgM e IgG séricas anti-Cp foram detectadas por imunofluorescência indireta. O DNA dos agentes infecciosos foi detectado no sangue periférico pela PCR em tempo real. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos TNFA -308G>A, IL6 -174G>C, CD14 -260C>T, TLR4 (Asp299Gli e Thr39911e) e TLR2 Arg753Gln e a quantificação relativa da expressão gênica nas células sanguíneas foram analisados pela PCR em tempo real. A porcentagem de positividade para DNA de Cp foi de 18,0% e 8,1% nos grupos IAM e controle (p=0,071), respectivamente, (p=0,071). Foram positivos para DNA de Mp, 5,0% e 11,2% dos indivíduos nos grupos IAM e controle, respectivamente (p=0,318). Sete indivíduos (7,1%) do grupo IAM tiveram títulos anti-Cp IgG positivos (1:512) e 3,9% dos indivíduos do grupo controle (p=0,718). A expressão do TLR4 foi significantemente menor no grupo IAM (0,00113±0,00102) comparado ao grupo controle (0,00144±0,000806; p=0,003). As frequências genotípicas e alelicas dos polimorfismos TNFA -308G>A, CD14 -260C>T, TLR4 (Asp299GIi e Thr39911e) e TLR2 Arg753Gln foram similares entre os grupos estudados (p>0,05) sugerindo que esses polimorfismos não estão associados com IAM nesta amostra populacional. No grupo IAM, houve associação entre o genótipo -260CT+TI CD14 com títulos IgG anti-Cp detectados na diluição 1:16 (p=0,042). Da mesma forma, o alelo A do polimorfismo -308G>A TNF-&#945; foi associado com títulos positivos de IgG anti-Cp na diluição 1:512 (p=0,0058). No grupo IAM, pacientes positivos para DNA de Cp tiveram maiores concentrações de fibrinogênio do que pacientes negativos para este agente infeccioso (541,8±161,5mg/dL e 450,5±196,8mg/dL, respectivamente; p=0.043). Os agentes infecciosos Chlamydophila pneumoniae e Mycoplasma pneumoniae não foram significantemente mais frequentes em indivíduos que tiveram infarto agudo do miocárdio em relação ao grupo controle, porém houve uma associação, no grupo IAM, entre positividade para DNA de C. pneumoniae e concentrações mais elevadas de fibrinogênio.Atheroma plaque instability has been attributed to the presence of some infectious agents. This mechanism may be related with increased stimulus of inflammatory process through interactions of CD14 and TLR with infectious agents. In this present study, it was evaluated the association of the presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumonia with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A case-control study was conducted with AMI patients and non-AMI individuais as controls. Immunoglobulin G (lgG) and IgM antibodies anti-Chlamydophila pneumoniae were detected by indirect immunifluorescent assay and the Cp DNA and Mp DNA were detected by real time PCR (RT-PCR) in peripheral blood cells. Using the same method, the individuals were genotyped and the gene expressions of TLR2, TLR4, IL-6 e TNF-&#945; were evaluated by RT-qPCR. In AMI patients, Cp DNA and Mp DNA were positive in 18,0% and 5,0% samples, respectively. In controls, 8,1% and 11,2% were positive for Cp DNA and Mp DNA, respectively. TLR4 expression was significantly decreased in AMI patients (0.00113±0.001 02) compared with controls (0.00144±0.000S06; p=0.003). The frequencies of -308G>A TNF-&#945;., -260C>T CD14, Asp299Gli TLR4, Thr39911e TLR4e Arg753Gln TLR2 SNPs in AMI group were similar to those found in controls. On the other hand, In AMI group, the -260CT+TT CD14 genotype was associated with anti-CP IgG antibody titer of 1/16. Likewise, the rare allele of -308G>A TNF-&#945; was associated with anti-CP IgG antibody titer of 1/16. Cp DNA positive patients had high concentration of fibrinogen when compared with negative patients. In conclusion, Cp DNA and Mp DNA positivity were not associated with AMI

Hydroalcoholic Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Bixa orellana Leaves Decrease the Inflammatory Response to Mycobacterium abscessus Subsp. massiliense

The incidence of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), especially Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense (Mabs), is increasing worldwide. Severe infections are associated with abscess formation and strong inflammatory response. This study evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of a hydroalcoholic extract (BoHE) and ethyl acetate fraction (BoEA) of Bixa orellana leaves. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using erythrocytes and RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) was assayed in stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and inflammatory cell migration and acute toxicity were evaluated in a Mabs-induced peritonitis mouse model. The compounds present in BoEA were identified by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The MIC and MBC values were 2.34 mg/mL and 37.5 mg/mL for BoHE and 0.39 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL for BoEA. The extracts did not induce significant toxicity in erythrocytes and RAW 264.7 cells. High levels of NO induced by Mabs were decreased by treatment with both extracts. The anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed in vivo by significant reduction of the cell migration to the peritoneum following BoHE and BoEA pretreatment. Animals treated with BoHE or BoEA did not show signs of acute toxicity in stomach, liver, and kidney. The chemical characterization of BoEA (the most active extract) revealed that kaempferol-3-O-coumaroyl glucose is its major component. The extract of B. orellana may be effective for treating infections caused by Mabs

Clinical and Microbiologic Evaluation, by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, of Non-Surgical Treatment of Aggressive Periodontitis Associated With Amoxicillin and Metronidazole

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic changes resulting from non-surgical periodontal treatment associated with amoxicillin and metronidazole in individuals with aggressive periodontitis. Methods: Fifteen individuals with aggressive periodontitis received non-surgical periodontal treatment and 45 days after completion of treatment were treated with antibiotics. Clinical data and samples of subgingival plaque were collected at baseline, 45 days after the non-surgical periodontal treatment, and 1 month after the use of antimicrobial agents. After 3 and 6 months, only clinical data were collected. The presence and quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), and Dialister pneumosintes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: All clinical parameters, with the exception of clinical attachment level (CAL), had significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved at the end of the third month after non-surgical therapy associated with antibiotics. There was significant (P&lt;0.05) reduction in the quantities of Td and Tf. After 1 month, there were significant (P&lt;0.05) reductions in the frequencies of Pg and Tf. Conclusion: Non-surgical mechanical treatment associated with the use of amoxicillin and metronidazole led to an improvement in all clinical parameters studied, except for CAL, and significantly reduced the amount of subgingival Tf and Td. J Periodontal 2012;83:744-752.Sao Paulo Research Foundation [2007/56098-8]Sao Paulo Research Foundatio