18 research outputs found
Determination of Oxygen Saturation and Photoplethysmogram from Near Infrared Scattering Images
The near infrared scattering images of human muscle include some information
on bloodstream and hemoglobin concentration according to skin depth and time.
This paper addressed a method of determining oxygen saturation and
photoplethysmogram from the near infrared (NIR) scattering images of muscle.
Depending on the modified Beer-Lambert Law and the diffuse scattering model of
muscular tissue, we determined an extinction coefficient matrix of hemoglobin
from the near infrared scattering images and analyzed distribution of oxygen
saturation of muscle with a depth from the extinction coefficient matrix. And
we determined a dynamic attenuation variation curve with respect to fragmentary
image frames sensitive to bloodstream from scattering image frames of muscle
with time and then obtained the photoplethysmogram and heart rate by Fourier
transformation and inverse transformation. This method based on the NIR
scattering images can be applied in measurement of an average oxygen saturation
and photoplethysmogram even in local region of optically heterogeneous muscle
and skin.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
Determination of Trace Moisture Content in Dimethylacetamide by Gas Chromatography
Dimethylacetamide is used as a solvent in polymer processing and moisture in
DMA affects the morphology and mechanical properties of the polymer products.
This paper describes a method for determination of trace moisture content in
DMA by acetylene production - gas chromatography. In the condition of 30
centigrade and ultrasonic dispersion, moisture in DMA sample was reacted with
calcium carbide and its product of acetylene was measured by gas
chromatography. By this way, trace moisture in DMA was determined with RSD of
2.272 percent and limit of measurement was 0.002 percent
Application of the Second-Order Statistics for Estimation of the Pure Spectra of Individual Components from the Visible Hyperspectral Images of Their Mixture
The second-order statistics (SOS) can be applied in estimation of the pure
spectra of chemical components from the spectrum of their mixture, when SOS
seems to be good at estimation of spectral patterns, but their peak directions
are opposite in some cases. In this paper, one method for judgment of the peak
direction of the pure spectra was proposed, where the base line of the pure
spectra was drawn by using their histograms and the peak directions were chosen
so as to make all of the pure spectra located upwards over the base line.
Results of the SOS analysis on the visible hyperspectral images of the mixture
composed of two or three chemical components showed that the present method
offered the reasonable shape and direction of the pure spectra of its
components.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Analysis of gamma-amino butyric acid in the germinated brown rice by pre-column derivatization with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene
This paper reports the analytical method for gamma-amino butyric acid in the
germinated brown rice by liquid chromatography. GABA was derivatized by
pre-column derivatization with 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene. To separate GABA in
the germinated brown rice extracts containing various amino acids, we reviewed
the influence of the kind of separation columns and the gradient of mobile
phase of ultra performance liquid chromatography. GABA was extracted with
distilled water from the germinated brown rice with the optimum extraction time
of 12 h. To validate this method the precision and the recovery were discussed.
In the concentration range from 5 to 50 microgram per mililiter, the
calibration curve for GABA was linear and the regression equation was obtained
with correlation coefficient of 0.999. GABA was analyzed by amino acid analyzer
in comparison with this method and the results of F-test and t-test indicated
that there were no significant differences in accuracy and precision between
two methods
Determination of carbohydrates in infant milk powders by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector and BEH HILIC column
The possibility of carbohydrate separation in BEH HILIC (Ethylene Bridged
Hybride, Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography) column was studied by
ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with evaporative light
scattering detector (ELSD) and mobile phase containing amine compounds as
modifiers. The chromatography conditions and ELSD parameters were optimized to
separate five typical carbohydrates and applied to analysis of four infant milk
powders. The linear ranges of carbohydrate determination were 20-300mg/L for
fructose and glucose, 20-250mg/L for sucrose and lactose, and 35-180mg/L for
fructo-oligosaccharide. The LODs were 16.4mg/L for fructose and glucose,
17.3mg/L for sucrose, 20.0mg/L for lactose, and 46.7mg/L for
fructo-oligosaccharide. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged between
3.45-4.23%, 1.46-4.17%, 4.14-5.60%, 1.39-4.09%, and 2.49-3.61% for fructose,
glucose, sucrose, lactose, and fructo-oilgosaccharide, respectively and
recoveries ranged between 95.0 and 105.4
Study on the Electronic Structure and Stability of Some Endohedral Fullerenes - RE3N@C80 (RE = Sc, Y, La) by PM7
In this paper, we investigated the electronic structure of some endohedral
fullerenes containing rare earth nitride and the stability of their
benzyne-adducts by PM7, the semiempirical Hatree-Fock method
Study on the Electronic Structure and Stability of Some OPE(oligo-phenylene-ethynylene derivative)-RE3N@C80 Dyads by PM7
In this paper, we investigated the electronic structure and stability of some
mesomorphic OPE-RE3N@C80 dyads from the oligo-phenylene-ethynylene derivatives
(OPE) and the trimetallic nitride template endohedral fullerenes (TNT-EMFs) -
RE3N@C80 (RE=Sc,Y,La) by using PM7, the updated version of the semi-empirical
Hartree-Fock method. In OPE-RE3N@C80, the fullerene cages were modified to have
the opened cage (fulleroid) structure by addition of OPE on the [6,6] position
of the fullerene cages. There was no considerable charge transfer between OPE
and fullerene cage, but the fullerene cages had the remarkable minus charges
mainly due to the electron transfer from RE3N to the cage. The calculated
electronic spectra showed that light absorption bands of OPE-C80 were more
red-shifted than that of OPE-RE3N@C80 and all of OPE-RE3N@C80 seem to have a
couple of Vis-NIR absorption peaks
Bonding charge distribution analysis of molecule by computation of interatomic charge penetration
Charge transfer among individual atoms in a molecule is the key concept in
the modern electronic theory of chemical bonding. In this work, we defined an
atomic region between two atoms by Slater orbital exponents of valence
electrons and suggested a method for analytical calculation of charge
penetration between all atoms in a molecule. Computation of charge penetration
amount is self-consistently performed until each orbital exponent converges to
its certain values respectively. Charge penetration matrix was calculated for
ethylene and MgO, and bonding charge and its distribution were analyzed by
using the charge penetration matrix and the orbital exponents under the bonding
state. These results were compared with those by density function method and
showed that this method is a simple and direct method to obtain bonding charge
distribution of molecule from atomic orbital functions
Study on the preparation of nanosulfur/bentonite complex
Inorganic compounds with sulfur have a good antifungal efficacy. However
there is a limit, sulfur is required in bulk quantities for application.
Nanosulfur might have a high anti-bacterial effect in a thin concentration.
Nanosulfur-bentonite composite was prepared from nanosulfur made by the
reaction between sodium thiosulfate and sulfuric acid and bentonite was used as
a carrier. The most appropriate reaction temperature, concentrations of Na2S2O3
5H2O and H2SO4, dropping rate and stirring one were determined. From SEM
images, it was illuminated that small particle size of nanosulfur deposited on
bentonite is in the range of 20-30nm and big one is in the range of 60-100nm
Reaction Mechanisms of Synthesis of 3,4-Epoxybutyric Acid from 3-Hydroxy-{\gamma}-Butyrolactone by Density Functional Theory
In this paper, carried out were the investigations on the synthetic reaction
mechanisms of 3,4-epoxybutyric acid (EBA) from 3-hydroxy-{\gamma}-butyrolactone
(HBL) with two different activating agents, methanesulfonyl chloride (MC) or
acetic acid (AA), respectively, and on the convertion of EBA to L-carnitine by
density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP). The theoretical calculations showed that
the two reaction mechanisms of EBA synthesis with MC or AA as an activating
agent were nearly the same. If activated HBL is hydrolysed, not only ring
cleavage reaction, but also reverse reaction to HBL can take place. In the case
of AA as the activating agent, the activation energy ( energy barrier ) for EBA
synthesis is 1.8 times larger than that with MC. It means that the synthesis of
EBA with AA may make more by-products with less yield of EBA than that with MC,
that can be one reason why AA gave the less yield than MC in EBA synthesis, as
reported in the previous experimental study.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl