The effect of physically or non-physically forced sexual assault on trajectories of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood

Background Sexual assault is one of potential factors that may greatly affect an individuals sport participation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of experiencing physically or non-physically forced sexual activity on trajectories of sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods This study used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) data. Group-based trajectory modeling was utilized to examine the effect of experiencing sexual assault on trajectories of sport participation from adolescence to young adulthood. Results A three-group trajectory model (high-stable group, high-decreasing group, and low-stable group) best fit sport participation among male participants and a two-group trajectory model (high-decreasing group and low-stable group) best fit sport participation among female participants. Both physically and non-physically forced sexual activity did not have significant effect on trajectories of sport participation among male participants. On the other hand, non-physically forced sexual assault significantly affected sport participation trajectory among female participants. Conclusions Special care is required in developing sport promotion program for women victims of non-physically forced sexual activity. The results of this study also suggest that group-based trajectory modeling is a useful technique to examine distinct trajectories of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood

Differences in salient beliefs associated with voluntary exercise training among South Korean firefighters before and after COVID-19

Background : Participating in voluntary exercise training is important to meet occupational requirements as well as firefighters’ health and safety. The purpose of this study is to identify salient beliefs associated with voluntary exercise training among firefighters in the pandemic era by comparing outcomes with those from a previous elicitation study, which was carried out before the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods : A total of 57 firefighters are recruited to participate in an elicitation study. Participants are requested to respond to six open-ended questions related to voluntary exercise training. Content analysis is used to create categories that combine similar factors in each belief. Beliefs mentioned by more than 30% of participants are used for comparison with the results of the previous research. Results : “Improves my physical ability” (n = 44) and “cause injury” (n = 17) are identified as behavioral beliefs in the present study, whereas “makes me tired” and “takes too much time” were also elicited in Lee’s study. Normative beliefs are “family members” (n = 45) and “colleagues” (n = 27) and these results are consistent with those in Lee’s study. “Lack of time” (n = 28), “exercise facilities” (n = 19), and “COVID-19” (n = 19) are elicited as control beliefs in the present study, whereas “physical condition” (n = 21) and “exercise partners” (n = 14) were elicited as other control beliefs, and “COVID-19” was not mentioned in Lee’s study. Conclusion : This study can contribute valuable information about salient beliefs associated with exercise training behavior among firefighters, particularly under pandemic conditions. Future researchers should develop tailored exercise training programs for firefighters based on current elicited beliefs.This research was supported by the Emergency Response to Disaster sites Research and Development Program funded by National Fire Agency(20013968)

Evaluating process and outcomes of interventions for promoting sport participation among South Korean university students

Background: Based on previous research that identified salient beliefs with regard to sport participation among university students, four types of interventions (i.e., social dance class, social dance video, poster, and e-mail) were developed to promote sport participation among the target population. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the process and outcomes of interventions for promoting sport participation among university students. Methods: The number of views registered on social dance videos and acknowledgements through e-mail were computed to evaluate reach and dose received. Three process evaluators also responded to a 22-item survey and expressed their conceptions on each intervention. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed using paired t-tests to assess changes in beliefs and sport participation pre- to post-intervention. Results: Social dance video and poster interventions were relatively more effective in changing target behavior compared to the other two interventions. Following the interventions, students participating in sports less than 150 minutes per week at one-month follow-up were more likely to believe that participating in sports helps them build social relationships, less likely to perceive being tired is bad, and less likely to acknowledge that participating in sports takes too much time. Importantly, the mean duration of sport participation per week increased by 78.49 minutes among students who participated in sport less than 150 minutes per week. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that sport participation programs involving video and poster interventions may effectively promote involvement in sporting activities among university students. Future research should implement these interventions in a larger population

Longitudinal analysis of Socioecological obesogenic factors in a National Sample of U.S. children

Background Childhood obesity is a serious public health threat. Although many researchers conducted research on socioecological determinants of childhood obesity, their longitudinal effects remain inconclusive especially among young children. This study examined socioecological factors and associated transitions of childrens body mass index (BMI) status throughout childrens kindergarten to elementary school years, using data from a national longitudinal sample. Methods The baseline sample of this study included 1264 children (weighted N = 379,297) extracted from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (baseline mean age: 5.24 years). The socioecological framework guided selection of socioecological obesogenic variables (e.g., family activity and parental involvement). Longitudinal ordered logistic regressions were performed to determine the associations between socioecological obesogenic variables and unhealthy/healthy changes in BMI status that captured transitions between healthy and unhealthy weight status (i.e., overweight, obesity, and severe obesity). Results Children with Hispanic ethnicity and nonwhite, less socioeconomic and environmental support, and living in households with fewer family members were more likely than their counterparts to have unhealthy BMI status changes over time (all ps < 0.05). Over the study period, girls were less likely than boys to experience transitions to unhealthy BMI status (all ps < 0.05). Conclusion As hypothesized a priori, the findings of the current affirmed multiple dimensions of how sociological obesogenic factors may influence childrens BMI status changes in a longitudinal setting. In order to maintain childrens long-term healthy weight, more attention should be paid to socioeconomic obesogenic factors surrounding children as well as individual determinants of obesity (e.g., being physically active and having well-balanced nutrition)

A Novel LZAP-binding Protein, NLBP, Inhibits Cell Invasion*

LXXLL/leucine zipper-containing alternative reading frame (ARF)-binding protein (LZAP) was recently shown to function as a tumor suppressor through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. LZAP is also known as a negative regulator of cell invasion, and its expression was demonstrated to be reduced in several tumor tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of the negative effect of LZAP on cell invasion is unclear. In this study, we identify NLBP as a novel LZAP-binding protein using tandem affinity purification. We demonstrate the negative effects of NLBP on cell invasion and the NF-κB signaling pathway. NLBP expression was not detected in hepatocellular carcinoma cells with strong invasive activity, whereas its expression was detected in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with no invasive activity. We also demonstrate that these two proteins mutually affect the stability of each other by inhibiting ubiquitination of the other protein. Based on these results, we suggest that NLBP may act as a novel tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell invasion, blocking NF-κB signaling, and increasing stability of the LZAP protein

Correction: Bcl-w Enhances Mesenchymal Changes and Invasiveness of Glioblastoma Cells by Inducing Nuclear Accumulation of β-Catenin.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068030.]