Making 'good Australians' : the work of three South Australian educators

Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 198

SLEEP, PRAY, AND STATUS: RELIGIOSITY AS A MODERATOR IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL STATUS AND SLEEP IN AFRICAN AMERICAN YOUNG ADULTS

Abstract 2101 SLEEP, PRAY, AND STATUS: RELIGIOSITY AS A MODERATOR IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE SOCIAL STATUS AND SLEEP IN AFRICAN AMERICAN YOUNG ADULTS Elissa Kim, HS, Elizabeth A. Brown, HS, Alison Kwan, HS, Amara Craig, HS, Nataria T. Joseph, PhD, Psychology, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, Laurel M. Peterson, PhD, Psychology, Bryn Mawr, Bryn Mawr, PA Background: With growing importance being placed on biopsychosocial health, researchers have raised awareness about the role that subjective social status (SSS) plays in sleep. This is particularly important when examining African Americans given that they are at higher risk for experiencing poor sleep quality. However, religiosity has shown to impart lasting health benefits and behaviors that may be protective for sleep health. For example, the theory of religious coping proposes that religious behaviors can lead to adaptive stress responses that protect biopsychosocial health from the stressors of perceived low social status. Interactions between SSS and religiosity in predicting sleep quality are understudied. Objective: We aimed to examine whether SSS is associated with sleep quality and whether religiosity measured at global and momentary levels moderates this association in African American young adults. Methods: A sample of 129 healthy African American young adults completed 2 or 4 days of hourly ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys and a baseline survey. SSS was measured using the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and religious behaviors were measured using recommended items from the Fetzer Institute (2003). A subsample of participants also wore an ActiGraph watch to assess objective sleep quality. Results: Lower SSS with respect to ones’ community (but not with respect to the United States population) was associated with worse sleep quality, b = -.28, p = .032, η2 = .04. Further, there was a significant interaction between SSS (with respect to the US population) and religiosity, p = .049, η2 = .06. Specifically, among those exhibiting higher SSS with respect to the US population, religious behaviors were protective, i.e., associated with better sleep quality. Results regarding momentary level religious behaviors and objective sleep will be presented. Conclusions: Results extend previous literature and suggest refinements to the theory of religious coping given that religiosity was shown to have a stronger positive effect on sleep quality among African Americans who reported having a higher perceived social status. Future research should continue to explore these factors at the momentary level to illuminate mechanisms by which these interactions unfold. LINK TO ABSTRACT: https://apps.psychosomatic.org/abstracts/previewAbstract.cfm?absid=82986&print=true&hideprint=true[10/3/2

Homologous recombination repair is essential for repair of vosaroxin-induced DNA double-strand breaks

Vosaroxin (formerly voreloxin) is a first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative that intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, inducing site-selective double-strand breaks (DSB), G2 arrest and apoptosis. Objective responses and complete remissions were observed in phase 2 studies of vosaroxin in patients with solid and hematologic malignancies, and responses were seen in patients whose cancers were resistant to anthracyclines. The quinolone-based scaffold differentiates vosaroxin from the anthracyclines and anthracenediones, broadly used DNA intercalating topoisomerase II poisons. Here we report that vosaroxin induces a cell cycle specific pattern of DNA damage and repair that is distinct from the anthracycline, doxorubicin. Both drugs stall replication and preferentially induce DNA damage in replicating cells, with damage in G2 / M > S >> G1. However, detectable replication fork collapse, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and long tract recombination during S phase, is induced only by doxorubicin. Furthermore, vosaroxin induces less overall DNA fragmentation. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) is critical for recovery from DNA damage induced by both agents, identifying the potential to clinically exploit synthetic lethality

Differential Use of Diagnostic Ultrasound in U.S. Emergency Departments by Time of Day

Background: Survey data over the last several decades suggests that emergency department (ED) access to diagnostic ultrasound performed by the radiology department is unreliable, particularly outside of regular business hours.Objective: To evaluate the association between the time of day of patient presentation and the use of diagnostic ultrasound services in United States (U.S.) EDs.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of ED patient visits using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the years 2003 to 2005. Our main outcome measure was the use of diagnostic ultrasound during the ED patient visit as abstracted from the medical record. We performed multivariate analyses to identify any association between ultrasound use and time of presentation for all patients, as well as for two subgroups who are more likely to need ultrasound as part of their routine workup: patients at risk of deep venous thrombosis, and patients at risk for ectopic pregnancy.Results: During the three-year period, we analyzed 110,447 patient encounters, representing 39 million national visits. Of all ED visits, 2.6% received diagnostic ultrasound. Presenting to the ED “off hours” (defined as Monday through Friday 7pm to 7am and weekends) was associated with a lower rate of ultrasound use independent of potential confounders (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65 - 0.82). Patients at increased risk of deep venous thrombosis who presented to the ED during “off hours” were also less likely to undergo diagnostic ultrasound (OR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15 - 0.79). Similarly, patients at increased risk of ectopic pregnancy received fewer diagnostic ultrasounds during “off hours” (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35 - 0.91).Conclusion: In U.S. EDs, ultrasound use was lower during “off hours,” even among patient populations where its use would be strongly indicated. [West J Emerg Med. 2011;12(1):90-95.

Molecular and clinical determinants of response and resistance to rucaparib for recurrent ovarian cancer treatment in ARIEL2 (Parts 1 and 2)

Càncer d'ovaris; Biomarcadors tumoralsCáncer de ovarios; Biomarcadores tumoralesOvarian cancer; Tumour biomarkersARIEL2 (NCT01891344) is a single-arm, open-label phase 2 study of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) rucaparib in relapsed high-grade ovarian carcinoma. In this post hoc exploratory biomarker analysis of pre- and post-platinum ARIEL2 samples, RAD51C and RAD51D mutations and high-level BRCA1 promoter methylation predict response to rucaparib, similar to BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. BRCA1 methylation loss may be a major cross-resistance mechanism to platinum and PARPi. Genomic scars associated with homologous recombination deficiency are irreversible, persisting even as platinum resistance develops, and therefore are predictive of rucaparib response only in platinum-sensitive disease. The RAS, AKT, and cell cycle pathways may be additional modulators of PARPi sensitivity

Developing a feedback-rich culture in academic medicine: the effect of coaching and 360-feedback on physician leadership

Background: This is a time of unprecedented change in healthcare. More physicians are being tasked with stepping into a variety of leadership roles without having received the training needed to be an effective leader. Previous data have demonstrated the effectiveness of both leadership coaching and 360-feedback tools to foster physician well-being and leadership growth. In this proof of concept study, we explore the combined effect of these two tools. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a brief physician 360 leadership coaching intervention on perception of professional dynamics and acquired leadership skills. Methods: Participants completed a tailored 360-feedback tool to gather input on their leadership skills, then engaged in five bi-weekly leadership coaching sessions. We conducted a post-intervention semi-structured qualitative interview. Qualitative data were coded using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results: Twenty-three primary care physicians at an academic medical center engaged in the 360 leadership coaching study. Participants reported that the intervention yielded valuable benefits in five coaching sessions. Two overarching themes emerged: a Shift in leadership awareness and Navigating their environment. Leadership awareness included increased clarity of purpose and role, and recognition that routine feedback is critical to leadership development. Navigating their environment included gaining relationship-building communication, organizational awareness and navigation strategies. Conclusions: Combining a tailored 360-feedback tool with a five-session leadership coaching intervention provided physicians with valued support infrastructure for becoming more effective leaders. Physicians described a nuanced understanding of the leadership challenges physicians face, and identified the leadership tools needed to navigate the evolving healthcare delivery landscape. Curricula for physician leadership learning could consider this combination of a customized 360 plus targeted leadership coaching for training physician leaders

The experience of using virtual reality for interactive spatial visualisation of environmental data

Virtual reality possesses various properties that have the potential to be beneficial for the visualisation of spatial data, including intuitive gestural affordances for looking around and interacting with data and the illusion of being physically located within a virtual space. However, some properties of the medium might also be detrimental to this purpose, such as limitations of the display technology and the possibility of motion sickness. While the medium is already being used for a variety of 3D visualisation purposes, there is no formulation of clear use-cases for virtual reality as a visualisation tool based on medium-specific considerations. Our work provides a preliminary overview towards this purpose by comparing two versions of an application for visualising environmental data in a mine: a virtual reality version and a standard desktop version. Using an exploratory approach with 26 participants and both qualitative and quantitative methods, the results highlight the ability of virtual reality to engage with spatial cognition but also some pitfalls in the design of user interfaces for interacting with large datasets.The Exxaro Chair in XR Technology in the Department of Information Science at the University of Pretoria.https://ceur-ws.org/am2024Information ScienceMining EngineeringSDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructur