Continuous Tip Widening Technique for Roll-to-Roll Fabrication of Dry Adhesives

In this study, we reported continuous partial curing and tip-shaped modification methods for continuous production of dry adhesive with microscale mushroom-shaped structures. Typical fabrication methods of dry adhesive with mushroom-shaped structures are less productive due to the failure of large tips on pillar during demolding. To solve this problem, a typical pillar structure was fabricated through partial curing, and tip widening was realized through applying the proper pressure. Polyurethane acrylate was used in making the mushroom structure using two-step UV-assisted capillary force lithography (CFL). To make the mushroom structure, partial curing was performed on the micropillar, followed by tip widening. Dry adhesives with properties similar to those of typical mushroom-shaped dry adhesives were fabricated with reasonable adhesion force using the two-step UV-assisted CFL. This production technology was applied to the roll-to-roll process to improve productivity, thereby realizing continuous production without any defects. Such a technology is expected to be applied to various fields by achieving the productivity improvement of dry adhesives, which is essential for various applications

WCDMA Downlink Capacity Analysis based on Deterministic Ray-Tracing Channel Model

In this paper the analysis for WCDMA downlink capacity is presented for a real service environment at Yeouido, Seoul, Korea which is considered as a typical high rise building environment. Ray-tracing technique is used to predict site-specific sector averaged pathlosses not only from the desired node B but also from undesired node Bs to scattered receiver locations in a given cell. Total required power of node B is estimated, which limits system capacity depending on the combination of service types, macro diversity and orthogonal factor

Evaluation of ITU-R Recommendation P.1546 and Consideration for New Correction Factor

ITU-R recommendation P.1546 models is representative path loss model in the frequency range 30~3000MHz over expended area (1~1000 km). It is mainly based on the propagation curves and correction factors are added on that. In this paper, we compare measurements and prediction and propose several considerations to enhance the prediction accuracy of ITU-R P.1546 model

Severe mitral regurgitation in a young female with pansinusitis and bronchiectasis

SummaryPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a disease characterized by symptoms of upper and lower respiratory tract infections due to abnormal structure and function of cilia.Cardiac involvement is characterized by situs inversus (Kartagener's syndrome in PCD) and other congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. We describe a 34-year-old female with a history of recurrent sinusitis and bronchiectasis but without situs inversus or other congenital cardiac anomalies in whom an association between mitral regurgitation secondary to myxoid degeneration and primary ciliary dyskinesia was suggested

The Effects of Neighboring Buildings on the Indoor Wireless Channel at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz

The effects of neighboring buildings (NBs) on the indoor wireless channel are examined both in time and space domain at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz band using the computer simulation of radio wave propagation based on ray-tracing technique. The NBs in the apartment environments have a considerable effect on the channel characteristics, such as the exponents of path loss, mean excess delay, rms delay spread time, coherence bandwidth, and angle dispersion of received rays. Also the effects are shown to be different according to the frequency band

Treatment strategy for papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2: a case series of seven patients treated based on next generation sequencing data

Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2 (PRCC2) is refractory to systemic treatment and has a dismal prognosis. Previous studies showed that genetic alterations in PRCC2 were heterogeneous regardless of germline or somatic mutations. In this study, we aimed to perform precision treatment of PRCC2 based on genetic information. Methods: We performed exome and genome sequencing of tumor tissues and matched normal samples. Based on sequencing data, we treated patients with metastatic PRCC2 using precision oncology. Results: Four patients underwent curative surgery of PRCC2 and three patients had metastatic PRCC2. All PRCC2 heterogeneously harbored own driver mutations. Two out of the three patients with metastatic disease had fumarate hydratase (FH) germline mutations. One patient with a germline FH mutation was diagnosed with hereditary leiomyomatosis RCC. He was treated with bevacizumab and erlotinib combination and showed a durable response. The other metastatic PRCC2 patient harboring a germline FH mutation had an additional somatic FH mutation and was durably controlled with pazopanib. Other metastatic PRCC2 patient with somatic PBRM1 and SETD2 mutations had over 5 years of overall survival with axitinib treatment. Conclusions: We performed precision systemic treatment based on genetic information. Genome sequencing could help identify candidates for targeted therapy in PRCC2, a genetically heterogeneous disease

Enhanced Urban Path Loss Prediction Model with New Correction Factors

Modification of ITU-R P.1411 model to enhance the prediction accuracy in urban environments having variable heights of buildigns is proposed in this paper by introducing two kinds of novel correction factors. One is considering the relationship of the heighest building height and the transmitter (Tx) antenna height, and the other is considering the effect of receiver (Rx) position on crossroads. After introducing two correction factors, the prediction accuracy is shown to be improved.This work was supported partlyby Brain Korea 21 Project in 2005 and partly by ITRC

Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES : To evaluate the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and to investigate its prognostic significance. ERK1/2 activation had been reported in RCC, but little is known about its prognostic significance. METHODS : We immunohistochemically analyzed phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK) expression using tissue microarrays in 328 CCRCC specimens. The percentage of tumor cells showing positive staining was evaluated and classified into 4 categories: 0, 0%; 1+, 1%-10%; 2+, 11%-50%; and 3+, >50%. For statistical analysis, the cases were subdivided into pERK-low (0 and 1+) and pERK-high (2+ and 3+) expression. RESULTS : Our study showed significantly greater expression of pERK in CCRCC than in non-neoplastic renal parenchyma. pERK-high expression was significantly associated with a low pT category (P = .046). The survival analysis showed a significant association between pERK-high expression and better progression-free survival (P = .014). Furthermore, the prognostic significance of pERK expression was quite different between small CCRCC (size ≤7 cm) and large CCRCC (size >7 cm) lesions. In small CCRCC, pERK-high expression correlated significantly with better cancer-specific survival (P = .018) and better progression-free survival (P < .001). However, no correlation was found between pERK expression and survival in large CCRCC. CONCLUSIONS : High expression of pERK in CCRCC was associated with a low pT category and showed a longer progression-free survival, especially in small CCRCC. Although the biologic mechanism of the ERK pathway in CCRCC remains unknown, the results of this study suggest that pERK expression is a positive prognosticator for survival in those with small CCRCC.This work was supported by grant 03-2005-004 from the Seoul National University Hospital Research Fund