The Effects Fused Deciduous Teeth haveon Successional Permanent Teeth and Dentition

乳歯癒合歯が後継永久歯の状態,および歯列へ及ぼす影響を検討することを目的とし,乳歯癒合歯を有する80名の口腔内状態および37名のHellmanの歯齢IIA期の研究用模型について,癒合歯の発現部位別に検討した結果,以下の結論を得た。1.乳歯癒合歯は107症例中,上顎18症例,下顎89症例であり,下顎に多く認められた。また,下顎AB癒合が最も多く46症例あり,ついで下顎BC癒合で43症例であった。双生歯は上顎に2症例認められた。2. 両側性に乳歯癒合歯を認めたものは80名中22名(27.5%)であり,そのほとんどは左右対称に癒合歯を有していたが,下顎において左右非対称な部位に癒合歯を有したものを2名認めた。3. 乳歯癒合歯の後継永久歯の状態は,上顎AB癒合15症例中9症例(60.0%) に後継永久歯の欠如を認めた。下顎AB癒合では46症例中9症例(19.6%) に後継永久歯の欠如4症例(8.7%) に後継永久歯の癒合,下顎BC癒合の場合, 43症例中29症例(67.4%)に後継永久歯の欠如, 7症例(16.3%) に後継永久歯の癒合が認められた。4. ターミナルプレーンは癒合側と非癒合側とで大きな差は認められず上顎もしくは下顎AB癒合歯保有歯列では垂直型が多く,片側性下顎BC癒合歯保有歯列では近心型が増加する傾向にあった。乳犬歯佼合関係では片側性下顎AB癒合歯保有歯列では癒合側でE型が増加する傾向が認められた。5. 下顎に癒合歯が存在する場合,下顎歯列弓幅径が狭窄する傾向にあり,特に下顎BC癒合歯保有歯列では顕著であった。下顎の歯列弓長径は両側性に癒合歯が存在する場合,短縮する傾向が強く認められた。To examine the effects fused deciduous teeth have on successional permanent teeth and teeth alignments,we carried out an investigation of such sites based on a study of the intraoral status of 80 childrenwith fused deciduous teeth, and the use of study casts from 37 people in Hellman Dental ages ofstage II A.1) We observed a total of 107 cases with fused deciduous teeth, and of these, 18 cases were maxillary,and 89 cases were mandibular. The greatest number, 46 cases, was observed for mandibular ABfused teeth, followed by 5 cases of mandibular BC fused teeth.2) Bilateral cases of fused deciduous teeth were observed in 22 out of the 80 cases, with most ofthese cases possessing fused teeth in locations with left-right symmetry,3) Successional permanent teeth deficiencies were observed in 9 out of the 15 cases of fused maxillaryAB teeth. Of the 46 cases of mandibular AB fused teeth, successional permanent teeth deficiencieswere also observed in 9 cases, while fusion of successional permanent teeth Were observed in 4cases. Of the 43 cases of mandibular BC fused teeth, successional permanent teeth deficiencies wereobserved in 29 cases, and fusion of succe~sional permanent teeth was observed in 7 cases.4) Concerning the terminal planes, we were unable to observe any major differences between sideswith fused teeth, and sides without. Tooth alignments where maxillary and mandibular AB were fusedteeth, were of the vertical types, but the mesial types were more numerous in tooth alignments withBC fused teeth on one side of the mandibular. Concerning deciduous canine occlusion relationships,there was a tendency for there to be an increase in type 3 on the fused side of the tooth alignmentswith AB fused teeth on one side of the mandibular.5) There was also a tendency for there to be a narrowing of the lower dental arch width in caseswhere fused teeth were found to exist in the mandibular, and this trend was particularly conspicuousfor tooth alignments where BC were fused teeth. A

Relationship between gingival health and dental caries in children aged 7-12 years

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between gingival health and dental caries in elementary school children in Japan. The subjects were 474 children aged 7 to 12 years who attended dental check-ups at an elementary school. The Oral Rating Index for Children, which consists of five categories (+2, +1, 0, -1, -2), was used to rate the findings of the gingival health e:xamination. The dental examination was performed using the WHO caries diagnostic criteria for DMFT. Children were divided into three groups: a healthier group (H-group) made up of those scoring +2 (excellent) or +1 (good), an equivocal group (E-group) made up of those scoring 0, and a gingival less-healthy group (L-group) made up of those scoring -2 (very poor) or -1 (poor). Overallpercentages for the H-group, E-group and L-groupwere 48.3 %,21.5 -0x1.fbf00000008p+0nd 30.2 %, respectively. Thenumber in the L-group increased with increasing age. The mean scores of the DT and DMFT in the H-group were significantly lower than those in the L-group (p< 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The results suggest that oral hygiene instruction should be given to children in order to motivate self-care, not only to avoid dentalcaries but also to prevent gingivitis. (J. Oral Sci. 42, 151-155,2000

3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic Acid Produced from 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic Acid by Gut Microbiota Improves Host Metabolic Condition in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (HMCA), a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, is abundant in fruits and vegetables, including oranges, carrots, rice bran, and coffee beans. Several beneficial effects of HMCA have been reported, including improvement of metabolic abnormalities in animal models and human studies. However, its mitigating effects on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and the mechanism underlying these effects, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that dietary HMCA was efficacious against HFD-induced weight gain and hepatic steatosis, and that it improved insulin sensitivity. These metabolic benefits of HMCA were ascribable to 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HMPA) produced by gut microbiota. Moreover, conversion of HMCA into HMPA was attributable to a wide variety of microbes belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes. We further showed that HMPA modulated gut microbes associated with host metabolic homeostasis by increasing the abundance of organisms belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes and reducing the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. Collectively, these results suggest that HMPA derived from HMCA is metabolically beneficial, and regulates hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and the gut microbial community. Our results provide insights for the development of functional foods and preventive medicines, based on the microbiota of the intestinal environment, for the prevention of metabolic disorders