The CERN laser-ion source

This paper describes the first results of a feasibility study undertaken at CERN to determine whether a laser-produced plasma can be used as a source of intense highly charged heavy ion beams. A variety of important measurements have been made, and the results are encouraging. Furthermore, a beam of highly charged light ions produced by the laser ion source has been accelerated successfully in a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) structur

Hospital care of children with a cleft in England.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse hospital admissions in the first 2 years of life among children with cleft lip and/or palate in England. DESIGN: Analysis of national administrative data of hospital admissions. SETTING: National Health Service hospitals. PATIENTS: Patients born alive between 1997 and 2008 who underwent surgical cleft repair. OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of admissions, including the birth episode, and days spent in hospital were examined. Children were analysed according to cleft type and whether or not they had additional congenital anomalies. RESULTS: 10 892 children were included. In their first 2 years, children without additional anomalies (n=8482) had on average 3.2 admissions and 13.2 days in hospital, which varied from 2.6 admissions and 9.2 days with cleft lip to 4.7 admissions and 19.7 days with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Children with additional anomalies (n=2410) had on average 6.7 admissions and 51.4 days in hospital, which varied from 6.4 admissions and 48.5 days with cleft palate to 8.8 admissions and 67.5 days with BCLP. The mean number and duration of cleft-related admissions was similar in children without (1.6 admissions and 6.4 days) and in those with additional anomalies (1.5 admissions and 8.5 days). 35.2% of children without additional anomalies had at least one emergency admission, whereas the corresponding figure was 67.3% with additional anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of hospital care in the first 2 years of life varied according to cleft type and presence of additional anomalies. However, cleft-specific hospital care did not differ between children with and without additional anomalies

Traumatic bone cyst of the mandible of possible iatrogenic origin: a case report and brief review of the literature

The traumatic bone cyst (TBC) is an uncommon nonepithelial lined cavity of the jaws. The lesion is mainly diagnosed in young patients most frequently during the second decade of life. The majority of TBCs are located in the mandibular body between the canine and the third molar. Clinically, the lesion is asymptomatic in the majority of cases and is often accidentally discovered on routine radiological examination usually as an unilocular radiolucent area with a "scalloping effect". The definite diagnosis of traumatic cyst is invariably achieved at surgery. Since material for histologic examination may be scant or non-existent, it is very often difficult for a definite histologic diagnosis to be achieved. We present a well documented radiographically and histopathologically atypical case of TBC involving the ramus of the mandible, which is also of possible iatrogenic origin. The literature is briefly reviewed

The dentigerous cyst: two different treatment options illustrated by two cases

Die follikuläre Zyste stellt neben der radikulären die zweithäufigste Zystenform dar. Typischer­ weise ist diese meist asymptomatisch und wird entsprechend zufällig entdeckt. Bedingt durch das langsame, expansive Wachstum besteht ein Potenzial für die Verlagerung angrenzender Strukturen (benachbarte Zähne, Canalis mandi­ bularis), Wurzelresorptionen und im Extremfall Kieferfrakturen. Eine histologische Untersuchung stellt eine Conditio sine qua non dar, da andere, kritischere Pathologien (odontogene Keratozyste, unizystisches Ameloblastom, Myxom, primäres intraossäres Karzinom, follikulärer adenoma­ toider odontogener Tumor, primordialer odon­ togener Tumor usw.) ein ähnliches klinisches sowie radiologisches Erscheinungsbild aufweisen können. Diese kurze Übersichtsarbeit soll anhand zweier Fallbeispiele die Befunderhebung und Diagnose­ stellung veranschaulichen und exemplarisch zeigen, in welchem Fall eine Zystektomie bzw. Zystostomie indiziert ist. Das chirurgische Vor­ gehen dieser beiden Techniken wird «step by step» mit klinischen Bildern präsentiert.The dentigerous cyst is the second most frequent odontogenic cyst after the radicular one. Typically, dentigerous cysts are asymptomatic and are commonly diagnosed incidentally. Due to the slow, expansive growth dentigerous cysts have the potential for dislocation of adjacent structures (neighbouring teeth, canalis retromolaris), root resorptions and in an extreme case could cause jaw fractures. A histological examination represents a sine qua non, because other more alarming pathologies (odontogenic keratocyst, unicystic ameloblastoma, myxoma, primordial odontogenic tumour etc.) can exhibit clinically and radiologically a similar appearance. This brief overview aims to illustrate, by two clinical cases, the examination, the diagnosis and decision-making for either a cystostomy or a cystectomy. The surgical procedure of both techniques is presented in a step-by-step manner