Museum Bahari Di Makassar ‘Ekspresi Budaya Masyarakat Bugis-makassar Dalam Perancangan Arsitektur'

Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan terbesar didunia berupa hamparan laut sepanjang 3.000 mil yang terbentang dari Sabang sampai Merauke. Dengan jumlah pulau lebih dari 17.500 meliputi wilayah laut yurisdiksi nasional lebih kurang 5,8 juta km2. Indonesia terletak pada posisi yang sangat strategis, yaitu pada persilangan dua benua dan dua samudera, serta memiliki wilayah laut yang memiliki kekayaan laut yang besar, sekaligus sebagai urat nadi perdagangan dunia. Posisi geografis Indonesia yang sangat bersifat kelautan membuat Bangsa Indonesia terus mengembangkan tradisi, budaya, dan kesadaran bahari serta menjadikan laut sebagai tali kehidupannya dengan kata lain mempunyai hak dan kewajiban dalam mengatur, mengelola, dan memanfaatkan kekayaan laut tradisional yang merupakan salah satu kebudayaan Bangsa Indonesia sebagai bangsa maritim untuk kepentingan rakyat. Untuk mewujudkan gagasan ini, diterapkan model proses desain generasi II yang terdiri dari dua fase. Fase pertama yaitu pengembangan wawasan komprehensif dengan pendekatan konvensional berupa kajian tipologi objek serta kajian tapak dan lingkungan. Fase kedua yaitu berupa Execute Image-Present-Test Cycle. Ekspresi Budaya masyarakat Bugis-Makassar dalam perancangan arsitektur ” dipakai sebagai acuan untuk merancang objek arsitektural Museum Bahari di Makassar. Tema ini mengacu kepada pengekspresian serta menggali segala unsur-unsur kebudayaan suku Bugis-Makassar, maupun sisi sejarahnya, kemudian di implementasikan kedalam objek rancangan museum bahari. Unsur-unsur kebudayaan yang dimaksud yaitu terdiri dari : Bahasa, Ilmu Pengetahuan, Sistem Ekonomi (Mata Pencaharian), Sistem Politik (Organisasi Kemasyarakatan), Sistem teknologi dan peralatan, Sistem Religi serta kesenian. Hasil desain yang berupa penyajian gambar - gambar arsitektural, yang bertujuan untuk menyampaikan informasi tentang kualitas perancangan museum bahari di Makassar dengan implementasi tema konsep ada

Isolation and characterisation of microorganisms contaminating herbal infusion sold in Minna, Nigeria

The microbiological assessment of ten herbal infusion samples from ten different locations in Minna, Niger State was investigated. The assessment of the microbial contamination on the herbal products was carried out, using standard methods. Pour plate method was used to cultivate serially diluted portions of the medicinal plant infusion samples. The results revealed that all the herbal preparations had the presence of microbial contaminants. The total heterotrophic counts of the different herbal samples ranged from 0 cfu/mL to 25.0 × 108cfu/mL while the total fungal counts ranged from 3.0×106cfu/mL to 3.5×108cfu/mL. The total viable bacteria counts showed that the highest counts of 25.0 × 108cfu/mL was recorded in the sample from Bosso and the least counts of 0 cfu/mL from Kasuwan-Gwari while the total fungal counts showed that the highest count of 3.5×108cfu/mL was found in the sample obtained from FUT campus and the least counts of 3.0×106cfu/mL in the sample from Mai-Kunkele. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the microbial load of the herbal infusions from each location. The microbial isolates identified were E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sp, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp, Micrococcus sp, Salmonella sp, Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp and Saccharomyces cerevisaie. Members of the genus Aspergillus were found to be predominant. This suggests that the herbal infusion harbors microorganisms that could be hazardous to human health and hence producers should maintain the highest possible level of hygiene during the processing and packaging of the products in order to ensure safety of the products

Spatio-Temporal Transmission Patterns of Black-Band Disease in a Coral Community

Transmission mechanisms of black-band disease (BBD) in coral reefs are poorly understood, although this disease is considered to be one of the most widespread and destructive coral infectious diseases. The major objective of this study was to assess transmission mechanisms of BBD in the field based on the spatio-temporal patterns of the disease

Thermal Stress and Coral Cover as Drivers of Coral Disease Outbreaks

Very little is known about how environmental changes such as increasing temperature affect disease dynamics in the ocean, especially at large spatial scales. We asked whether the frequency of warm temperature anomalies is positively related to the frequency of coral disease across 1,500 km of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. We used a new high-resolution satellite dataset of ocean temperature and 6 y of coral disease and coral cover data from annual surveys of 48 reefs to answer this question. We found a highly significant relationship between the frequencies of warm temperature anomalies and of white syndrome, an emergent disease, or potentially, a group of diseases, of Pacific reef-building corals. The effect of temperature was highly dependent on coral cover because white syndrome outbreaks followed warm years, but only on high (>50%) cover reefs, suggesting an important role of host density as a threshold for outbreaks. Our results indicate that the frequency of temperature anomalies, which is predicted to increase in most tropical oceans, can increase the susceptibility of corals to disease, leading to outbreaks where corals are abundant

Cytotaxonomic studies on some Vicia L. species growing in the eastern Mediterranean and southern Aegean regions II.

In this study, some natural Vicia L. species growing naturally in eastern Mediterranean and southern Aegean Regions have been investigated morphological and cytotaxonomic point of view. Morphology, chromosome number and morphometries of the 9 taxa belonging to the Vicia L. genus including Vicia peregrina, V. lutea var. hirta, V. anatolica, V. hybrida, V. grandiflora var. grandiflora, V. grandiflora var. dissecta, V. cuspidata, V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. sativa subsp. nigra var. segatalis have been studied by using karyological and numerical taxonomic techniques. Data obtained chromosome measurements were analysed by using cluster analysis. The chromosome number of studied Vicia species have been found as 2n = 10, 12 and 14. The member of Vicia section, related taxa were compared with respect to their chromosomal and morphological characteristics. Some karyological relationships among the studied Vicia taxa were discussed with help of taxonomic history and evolutionary data

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric aerosols and air–sea exchange in the Mediterranean

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) concentration in air of the central and eastern Mediterranean in summer 2010 was 1.45 (0.30–3.25) ng m−3, with ≈8% in the particulate phase, associated with particles < 0.25 μm. The diffusive air–sea exchange fluxes of fluoranthene and pyrene were mostly found net-depositional or close to phase equilibrium, while retene was net-volatilisational in a large sea region. Regional fire activity records in combination with box model simulations suggest that seasonal depositional input of retene from biomass burning into the surface waters during summer is followed by an annual reversal of air–sea exchange, while inter-annual variability is dominated by the variability of the fire season. It is concluded that future negative emission trends or interannual variability of regional sources may trigger the sea to become a secondary PAH source through reversal of diffusive air–sea exchange

Glutamate release and cerebral blood flow after severe human head injury

Elevations of extracellular glutamate have been found in patients with prolonged brain ischemia and focal cerebral contusions, following severe head injury. About 30% of severely head injured patients develop cerebral ischemia, defined as CBF < 18 ml/100g/min. Patients with both global and regional cerebral ischemia have the worst outcome. However, the relationship between CBF and EAA release is not well understood in head injured humans, and may differ from the findings in normal animals. To study the relationship between EAA release and CBF after severe head injury, we performed cerebral blood flow measurements using stable xenon enhanced computed tomography and correlated these with glutamate release in the extracellular fluid, measured by continuous microdialysis, in 25 severely head injured patients. Sustained cerebral blood flow reductions below the threshold for ischemic neuronal damage was closely related to massive excitatory amino acid release, as in previous animal studies. In patients without secondary ischemia, or focal contusions, delayed post-traumatic glutamate release appeared to be only transient or did not occur at all

Glutamate Release and Cerebral Blood Flow After Severe Human Head Injury

Elevations of extracellular glutamate have been found in patients with prolonged brain ischemia and focal cerebral contusions, following severe head injury. About 30% of severely head injured patients develop cerebral ischemia, defined as CBF < 18 ml/100g/min. Patients with both global and regional cerebral ischemia have the worst outcome. However, the relationship between CBF and EAA release is not well understood in head injured humans, and may differ from the findings in normal animals. To study the relationship between EAA release and CBF after severe head injury, we performed cerebral blood flow measurements using stable xenon enhanced computed tomography and correlated these with glutamate release in the extracellular fluid, measured by continuous microdialysis, in 25 severely head injured patients. Sustained cerebral blood flow reductions below the threshold for ischemic neuronal damage was closely related to massive excitatory amino acid release, as in previous animal studies. In patients without secondary ischemia, or focal contusions, delayed post-traumatic glutamate release appeared to be only transient or did not occur at all

Biodegradation Potential of Abattoir Wastewater Microbiota in Nigeria

Water used for washing carcasses of slaughtered animals and slaughter house is referred to as abattoir wastewater. This study was designed to investigate the microorganisms associated with abattoir wastewater and to establish the biodegradation potential of abattoir wastewater microbiota. Isolation of the microbes was carried out using pour plate technique. The total viable count for the microbes’ ranges from 2.5×104 - 4.6×105 cfu/mL. Results revealed that all the physicochemical parameters exceeded the permissible limits (total dissolved solid (TDS) 1748mg/L, total suspended solid (TSS) 176mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 91 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) 227 mg/L). Microorganisms isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Mucor sp, Trichophyton quickeanum and Penicillium sp. Some of the microbes were observed to have biodegradation potential by their ability to grow on mineral salt media (MSM) incorporated with starch, cellulose, crude oil, kerosene and diesel as the sole source of carbon and energy. This study suggests that abattoir wastewater harbors microorganisms that could be hazardous to public health when discharged into the environment untreated hence the need for strict monitoring. These microbes isolated could be employed as agent of bioremediation of wastewaters. Key words: Abattoir; Biodegredation; Isolation; Microbiota; Wastewate