Clinical Characteristic and Outcome of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Background: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRTI) is the leading cause of deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and has high morbidity and mortality in children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to obtain the incidence, clinical characteristic, and outcome of ALRTI children with CHD.Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted from January 2007–December 2011 to medical record of child patients with ALRTI and CHD in the Department of Child Health of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. The diagnosis of CHD was determined by echocardiography. The collected data was analyzed and presented in percentage shown in tables.Results : From 3,897 children who had ALRTI, there were 149 children with CHD (3.8%), with 11.4% of whom founded with recurrent episodes. This happened often in girls than boys with quite similar ratio of 1.37: 1.The majority of children (80%) was under 1 year old of age, 72.5% with malnutrition, and 24.8% with severe malnutrition. Clinical symptoms mostly found were difficulty of breathing (98%), fever (85.2%), cough (75.2%), and runny nose (63.1%). The most common types of CHD were Patent Ductus Arteriosus (47.6%), followed by Ventricular Septal Defect (47%). Bronchopneumonia (86.6%) was the common type of ALRTI. The length of stay was mostly less than 10 days (70.5%). From all the children 43.7% had complications, and 6.7% died.Conclusions: The ALRTI in children with CHD is not common and has good outcome. The majority for CHD lesions are Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Ventricular Septal Defect while for ALRTI is Bronchopneumonia. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.48

VO2 Max and Back and Leg Muscle Strength Profile of Universitas Padjadjaran Swimming Team

Background: Cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 max) and back and leg muscle strength are a few components required to support the performance of swimming athlete during competition. The objective of this study was to determine the VO2 max and back and leg muscle strength in high category level of Universitas Padjadjaran swimming team period 2014. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to 19 swimmers of Universitas Padjadjaran in September 2014. The variables of this study were VO2 max and back and leg muscle strength. Then, the data were categorized based on the standard of The National Sports Committee of Indonesia.Results: The data obtained showed that the VO2 max of the majority of subjects was in the very good category (6/19 subjects) and the back muscle strength of the majority of subjects was in the very good category (10/19 subjects). In contrast, the leg muscle strength of majority of subjects was in the low category (11/19 subjects).Conclusions: The VO2 max and back muscle strength in high category level of the swimming team fulfilled the standard of The National Sports Committee of Indonesia. [AMJ.2016;3(4):499–502] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n

Congenital Heart Disease among Down Syndrome Children at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from 2008 to 2013

Background: Children with Down syndrome are more prone to congenital heart disease due to the consequences of trisomy chromosomal 21 on gene expression. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of congenital heart disease in children with Down syndrome. Methods: This was a retrospective study of reviewed children with Down syndrome from January 2008 to January 2013 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. This study was conducted from August until October 2014. Patients under the age of 15 years and diagnosed having congenital heart disease from 2008 to 2013 were enrolled in this study by using the total sampling method. Incomplete medical records and children who had not performed an echocardiogram were excluded. Sex, age at diagnosis for congenital heart disease, nutritional status and other comorbidities were also examined. Results: Congenital heart disease occurred in 28 children with Down Syndrome. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was the most common and found in 11 patients followed by a combination of congenital heart diseases in 5 patients. Other 3 patients had Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), and Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) was found in 3 patients, 2 patients had Atrial septal defect (ASD) and 1 patient had miscellaneous cardiac defect. Conclusions: The most common CHD in Down syndrome is PDA

Electrocardiogram Profile in Children with Dengue Infection at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Bandung City Hospital

Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection which causes many manifestations on the organs, mainly heart. According to the histopathological analysis in heart, there is a direct action of dengue virus towards myocardium. This study was an initial study of cardiac involvement in dengue infection using electrocardiogram as a measurement tool. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and data collection were performed consecutively. A total of 17 children was taken which had been diagnosed with dengue infection according to World Health Organization criteria and had fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Bandung City Local Hospital. Once informed consent was obtained, the electrocardiogram procedure was performed according to standard electrocardiogram procedure in pediatrics. Data were analyzed by a pediatric cardiology consultant. Data were interpreted based on the electrocardiogram characteristics according to the type of dengue infection.Results: P wave amplitude was getting shorter as the severity of dengue infection increased. P wave duration increased slightly with increased severity of dengue infection. There was a significant increase in PR interval as the severity of dengue infection increased. The same was also true for ST and QTc wave.Conclusions: The pattern of electrocardiogram profile in children with dengue infection were within normal range. [AMJ.2016;3(4):629–32] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.95

Clinical Characteristic and Outcome of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Background: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRTI) is the leading cause of deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and has high morbidity and mortality in children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to obtain the incidence, clinical characteristic, and outcome of ALRTI children with CHD.Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted from January 2007–December 2011 to medical record of child patients with ALRTI and CHD in the Department of Child Health of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. The diagnosis of CHD was determined by echocardiography. The collected data was analyzed and presented in percentage shown in tables.Results : From 3,897 children who had ALRTI, there were 149 children with CHD (3.8%), with 11.4% of whom founded with recurrent episodes. This happened often in girls than boys with quite similar ratio of 1.37: 1.The majority of children (80%) was under 1 year old of age, 72.5% with malnutrition, and 24.8% with severe malnutrition. Clinical symptoms mostly found were difficulty of breathing (98%), fever (85.2%), cough (75.2%), and runny nose (63.1%). The most common types of CHD were Patent Ductus Arteriosus (47.6%), followed by Ventricular Septal Defect (47%). Bronchopneumonia (86.6%) was the common type of ALRTI. The length of stay was mostly less than 10 days (70.5%). From all the children 43.7% had complications, and 6.7% died.Conclusions: The ALRTI in children with CHD is not common and has good outcome. The majority for CHD lesions are Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Ventricular Septal Defect while for ALRTI is Bronchopneumonia. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.48

VO2 Max and Back and Leg Muscle Strength Profile of Universitas Padjadjaran Swimming Team

Background: Cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 max) and back and leg muscle strength are a few components required to support the performance of swimming athlete during competition. The objective of this study was to determine the VO2 max and back and leg muscle strength in high category level of Universitas Padjadjaran swimming team period 2014. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to 19 swimmers of Universitas Padjadjaran in September 2014. The variables of this study were VO2 max and back and leg muscle strength. Then, the data were categorized based on the standard of The National Sports Committee of Indonesia.Results: The data obtained showed that the VO2 max of the majority of subjects was in the very good category (6/19 subjects) and the back muscle strength of the majority of subjects was in the very good category (10/19 subjects). In contrast, the leg muscle strength of majority of subjects was in the low category (11/19 subjects).Conclusions: The VO2 max and back muscle strength in high category level of the swimming team fulfilled the standard of The National Sports Committee of Indonesia. [AMJ.2016;3(4):499–502] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n

Electrocardiogram Profile in Children with Dengue Infection at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Bandung City Hospital

Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection which causes many manifestations on the organs, mainly heart. According to the histopathological analysis in heart, there is a direct action of dengue virus towards myocardium. This study was an initial study of cardiac involvement in dengue infection using electrocardiogram as a measurement tool. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and data collection were performed consecutively. A total of 17 children was taken which had been diagnosed with dengue infection according to World Health Organization criteria and had fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Bandung City Local Hospital. Once informed consent was obtained, the electrocardiogram procedure was performed according to standard electrocardiogram procedure in pediatrics. Data were analyzed by a pediatric cardiology consultant. Data were interpreted based on the electrocardiogram characteristics according to the type of dengue infection.Results: P wave amplitude was getting shorter as the severity of dengue infection increased. P wave duration increased slightly with increased severity of dengue infection. There was a significant increase in PR interval as the severity of dengue infection increased. The same was also true for ST and QTc wave.Conclusions: The pattern of electrocardiogram profile in children with dengue infection were within normal range. [AMJ.2016;3(4):629–32] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.95

Left to right shunt congenital heart disease as a risk factor of recurrent pneumonia in under five-year-old children: a single centre experience in Bandung Indonesia

Aim Children with congenital heart diseases are at the greater risk of respiratory tract infection such as pneumonia. Recurrent pneumonia is one of the most major challenge for paediatric physicians. The aim of this study is to investigate risk factors of congenital heart diseases to recurrent pneumonia children. Methods This was a retrospective study of under five-year-old children hospitalized in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Indonesia from 2015 to 2018. Congenital heart diseases and pneumonia, as well as recurrent pneumonia, were identified. Congenital heart diseases diagnosis with and without pneumonia were reviewed. Results Of 6997 hospitalized children, in 1258 (18.0%) congenital heart diseases were found, of which 232 (18.4%) had recurrent pneumonia. Most of those had left to right (L to R) shunt, 213 (91.8%). Congenital heart diseases in children aged under 1 year, 144 (62%) were more preponderant than in those aged 1–5 years. More than a half, 119 (51.3%) were males. Left to right shunt was documented as having recurrent pneumonia, of which patent ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect were the most common type in congenital heart diseases. Ventricular septal defect had a possibility for recurrent pneumonia by 1.551 times, and malnutrition 2.591 times. Conclusion Ventricular septal defect and malnutrition were identified as risk factors for recurrent pneumonia. Those patients require multidisciplinary approach to prevent respiratory complications

Clinical Characteristic and Outcome of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

Background: Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (ALRTI) is the leading cause of deaths in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and has high morbidity and mortality in children with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to obtain the incidence, clinical characteristic, and outcome of ALRTI children with CHD. Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted from January 2007–December 2011 to medical record of child patients with ALRTI and CHD in the Department of Child Health of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. The diagnosis of CHD was determined by echocardiography. The collected data was analyzed and presented in percentage shown in tables. Results : From 3,897 children who had ALRTI, there were 149 children with CHD (3.8%), with 11.4% of whom founded with recurrent episodes. This happened often in girls than boys with quite similar ratio of 1.37: 1.The majority of children (80%) was under 1 year old of age, 72.5% with malnutrition, and 24.8% with severe malnutrition. Clinical symptoms mostly found were difficulty of breathing (98%), fever (85.2%), cough (75.2%), and runny nose (63.1%). The most common types of CHD were Patent Ductus Arteriosus (47.6%), followed by Ventricular Septal Defect (47%). Bronchopneumonia (86.6%) was the common type of ALRTI. The length of stay was mostly less than 10 days (70.5%). From all the children 43.7% had complications, and 6.7% died. Conclusions: The ALRTI in children with CHD is not common and has good outcome. The majority for CHD lesions are Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Ventricular Septal Defect while for ALRTI is Bronchopneumonia

Perbedaan Kadar Troponin T dan Troponin I Serum pada Berbagai Derajat Infeksi Virus Dengue Anak

Latar belakang. Perbedaan kadar troponin T diketahui berhubungan dengan derajat infeksi virus dengue, tetapi belum diketahui pada troponin I. Tujuan. Mengetahui perbedaan kadar troponin T dan I pada berbagai derajat infeksi virus dengue anak. Metode. Penelitian observasional analitik, rancangan potong lintang pada anak kelompok demam dengue (DD), demam berdarah dengue tanpa syok (DBD), dan sindrom syok dengue (SSD) di RSUP Dr.Hasan Sadikin, RSUD: Majalaya, Cibabat, dan Kota Bandung. Troponin T dan I diperiksa saat awal perawatan dan fase pemulihan. Analisis: uji Kruskal Wallis +analisis post hoc, dan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil. Didapat 49 anak infeksi virus dengue. Hasil pemeriksaan kelompok DD, DBD, dan SSD (berturut-turut) adalah troponin T awal: 3,32, 3,0, 9,01 pg/mL, pemulihan (kurang jelas, lebih baik disebutkan rerata hari ke berapa sakit): 3,0, 3,0, 6,21 pg/mL, Troponin I awal: 2,10, 2,25, 14,20 ng/L, pemulihan: 2,10, 1,50, 14,35 ng/L. Perbedaan kadar troponin T awal: p=0,015, pemulihan: p=0,009, troponin I awal: p=0,032, pemulihan: p=0,062. Perbedaan pemeriksaan awal dan fase pemulihan kelompok DD, DBD, dan SSD (berturut-turut): Troponin T: p=0,420, 0,055, 0,248, Troponin I: p=0,202, 0,077, 0,285. Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan kadar troponin T dan I pada berbagai derajat infeksi virus dengue anak, kecuali kadar troponin I fase pemulihan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar troponin T dan I antara awal perawatan dan fase pemulihan