Acute Diarrhea Duration Between Children With Probiotic Therapy And Without Probiotic Therapy At Gotong Royong Hospital

Introduction: Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in childrenthroughout the world. Based on Basic Health Research data (Riskesdas), the highest diarrheaprevalence occurs in children aged 1-4. One of the supportive therapies given to children whohave acute diarrhea is probiotic therapy. Probiotic therapy in children with acute diarrhea canreduce the frequency and duration of diarrhea. Purpose: To analyze the differences in acute diarrhea duration between children withprobiotic therapy and without probiotic therapy, a case study in Gotong Royong Hospital. Method: An experimental study with Cohort approach. The sampling technique used in thisresearch was consecutive sampling. The procedure of this research was carried out bycollecting primary data, recording probiotic therapy given to the acute diarrhea children whocome to Gotong Royong Hospital at Surabaya and doing outpatient care, then continued withmonitoring to the patient's parents everyday to find out the duration of acute diarrhea in thechildren after probiotic therapy. This research used the Mann Whitney analysis test. Results: We found that there were significant differences between the duration of acutediarrhea in the children with probiotic therapy and the children without probiotic therapy witha value of p < 0,001 (p<0.05). The average duration of acute diarrhea in children withoutprobiotic therapy is 3.25 days. Meanwhile, the average duration of acute diarrhea in childrenwith probiotic therapy is 1.25 days. The average difference between children with andwithout probiotic therapy was two days. Conclusion: There is a difference in the duration of acute diarrhea in the children withprobiotic therapy and the children without probiotic therapy at Gotong Royong Hospital inSurabaya.

Sikap Petani terhadap Kemitraan Kelompok Tani Bunga Sampang dengan Perusahaan Dagang Rama Putra (Kasus : Desa Bunga Sampang,kecamatan Purba, Kabupaten Simalungun)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sikap petani terhadap kemitraan antara Kelompok Tani di Bunga Sampang Kecamatan Purba Kabupaten Simalungun dengan Perusahaan eksportir Perusahaan Dagang Rama Putra dan untuk mengetahui masalah-masalah yang dihadapi petani dalam kemitraan antara Kelompok Tani di Desa Bunga Sampang, Kecamatan Purba, Kabupaten Simalungun dengan Perusahaan eksportir Perusahaan Dagang Rama Putra. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode teknik penskalaan likert. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode sensus, artinya seluruh petani yang ada di kelompok tani Bunga Sampang yang berjumlah 23 orang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November tahun 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari pelaksanaan kemitraan diperoleh nilai sebesar 69,57% petani Bunga Sampang menyatakan sikap yang positif terhadap kemitraan dengan PD Rama Putra. Artinya kemitraan yang dilaksanakan antara Kelompok Tani Bunga Sampang dengan PD Rama Putra di daerah penelitian sudah berjalan dengan baik.Dan masalah utama yang dihadapi petani dalam kemitraan fasilitas dan sarana prasarana yang tidak mendukung dalam proses perpindahan barang ke pihak eksportir

Penyalahgunaan Fungsi Ruang Publik sebagai Sarana Penunjang Aktivitas Penghuni Hunian Vertikal Kota

PENYALAHGUNAAN FUNGSI RUANG PUBLIK SEBAGAI SARANA PENUNJANG AKTIVITAS PENGHUNI HUNIAN VERTIKAL KOTA IRFAN S HASIM, AFANDI SOBRY SAPUTRA, FAJAR TRI KUSUMA, YUNI FITRIANI, PANCA OKTA NUGRAHA Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur,Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan Institut Teknologi Nasional Email : [email protected] ABSTRAK Urbanisasi dan bertambahnya kepadatan penduduk membuat semakin bertambah pula kebutuhan akan hunian, khususnya di daerah perkotaan, namun terbatasnya lahan dan mahalnya harga tanah menjadi kendala tersendiri. Hunian vertikal kota khususnya rumah susun menjadi salah satu alternatif, terutama dalam mengatasi permasalahan kepadatan penduduk di kampung kota agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan akan hunian yang lebih layak, lebih sehat, dan lebih nyaman. Ruang publik adalah hal yang sangat penting pada rumah susun karena merupakan pusat interaksi antara penghuni sehingga banyak aktivitas yang terjadi di dalamnya, tetapi seringkali disalahgunakan. Kajian ruang publik ini dilihat dari latar belakang penghuni rumah susun, besaran standar ruang publik, besaran unit hunian, dan sarana prasarana yang menunjang kegiatan pada rumah susun. Metode studi dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif analitif secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ruang publik yang disalahgunakan adalah ruang publik yang berada dekat dengan unit hunian. Penghuni merasa dapat meklaim wilayah ruang publik tersebut demi tercapainya kebutuhan dan Kenyamanan ruang mereka pribadi. Kata kunci : Rumah susun; Ruang publik; Penyalahgunaan Fungsi Ruang ABSTRACT Urbanization and Increasing of population makes the occupancy is also need to increased, particularly in urban areas. But limited space and the expensive prices of land become obstacles. Vertical housing especially flats in particular city became one of the alternatives to solve the problems of overcrowding in the hometown in order to meet the need for more decent housing, healthier, and more comfortable. Public space is an important thing in the vertical housing because it is the main place that the occupants can interact each other with so much activity going on it. but it is often misused. This study will observes misuse of public space in the flats seen from the background of residents, a standard amount of public space, the amount of residential units, and infrastructure that support the activities of the flats. The methods that we used was descriptive analitive in qualitative and quantitative study. The results showed that public space that is located close to the residential units is most misused. Occupants feel that they can claim the public space area to achieve the needs and comfort of their personal space

Viability of lactic acid bacteria, fatty acid profile and quality of cocoghurt made using local and commercial starters during fermentation

Cocoghurt is a novel fermentation product with coconut milk as the main raw ingredient. In this study, the starter concentration and fermentation time on the viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the fatty acid profile and quality of the cocoghurt were examined. Lactobacillus casei sub sp. casei R-68 and Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures. The results showed that 3.0% of the L. casei subsp. casei R-68 and S. thermophilus starters resulted in the optimal growth of LAB. Fermentation time significantly affected pH, total lactic acid, total LAB, and protein content but did not significantly influence ash, moisture, fat, and total solid content. The duration of fermentation also did not significantly affect the fatty acid profile. The probiotic cocoghurt fatty acid profiles consisted mainly of medium-chain saturated fatty acids followed by long-chain saturated fatty acids and finally unsaturated fatty acids. Cocoghurt produced using skim milk 3.0% starter and fermentation time for 10 hours had the characteristic of being slightly white, tasting sour and sweet, with an aroma of coconut milk; the texture was relatively thick and preferred by the panelists

Genetic enhancement of resistance to foliar diseases

Rust and Late leaf spot are among the most destructive and widespread diseases of groundnut. Cultivation of resistant varieties is economically most viable and environmentally sound strategy. Germplasm with high level of resistance is available in cultivated and/or related wild species. In spite of innumerable attempts, breeding has met with limited success in combining resistance with yield, crop quality and adaptation. The modern tool of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) is expected to improve the speed and precision of resistance breeding. The progress and challenges in the application of molecular markers in breeding for resistance to foliar diseases will be discussed

Density of tobacco advertising around schools

BACKGROUND: Indonesia has the second highest smoking prevalence among adult males in the world, with over 61.4 million current smokers. However, there is no national regulation on outdoor tobacco advertising. OBJECTIVE: >To assess the density of outdoor tobacco advertising around schools in Semarang City, Indonesia. METHODS: We conducted geospatial analyses using buffer and hotspot analyses based on advertising and school data in ArcMap 10.6. We statistically tested the significance of different densities, including between 100 m and 100–300-m buffers from schools using Stata 15.1. RESULTS: We found a total of 3453 tobacco advertisements, of which 3026 (87%) were at least medium in size (1.3 m x l.9 m), and 2556 (74%) were within 300 m of schools. We also found hotspots with a 45% higher density of adverts within 100 m of schools (compared to within 100–300 m). A total of 378 schools (39%) were in these advertising hotspots. CONCLUSION: There was high density of outdoor tobacco advertising, with significant clusters in close proximity to schools in Semarang City. The policy implications of this are discussed

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) Scheff Fruit

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Phaleria macrocarpa </it>(Scheff.) Boerl (Thymelaceae) originates from Papua Island, Indonesia and grows in tropical areas. The different parts of the fruit of <it>P. macrocarpa </it>were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>Phaleria macrocarpa </it>fruit were divided into pericarp, mesocarp and seed. All parts of the fruit were reflux extracted with methanol. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were characterized in various <it>in vitro </it>model systems such as FTC, TBA, DPPH radical, reducing power and NO radical. Anti-inflammatory assays were done by using NO production by macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ and cytotoxic activities were determined by using several cancer cell lines and one normal cell line</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that different parts (pericarp, mesocarp, and seed) of <it>Phaleria macrocarpa </it>fruit contain various amount of total phenolic (59.2 ± 0.04, 60.5 ± 0.17, 47.7 ± 1.04 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW) and flavonoid compounds (161.3 ± 1.58, 131.7 ± 1.66, 35.9 ± 2.47 mg rutin equivalent/g DW). Pericarp and mesocarp showed high antioxidant activities by using DPPH (71.97%, 62.41%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (92.35%, 78.78%) and NO scavenging activity (65.68%, 53.45%). Ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid tests showed appreciable antioxidant activity in the percentage hydroperoxides inhibitory activity from pericarp and mesocarp in the last day of the assay. Similarly, the pericarp and mesocarp inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthesis with values of 63.4 ± 1.4% and 69.5 ± 1.4% in macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ indicating their notable anti-inflammatory potential. Cytotoxic activities against HT-29, MCF-7, HeLa and Chang cell lines were observed in all parts.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results indicated the possible application of <it>P. macrocarpa </it>fruit as a source of bioactive compounds, potent as an antioxidant, anti inflammatory and cytotoxic agents.</p

Fabrication of arrays of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanodots via block copolymer self-assembly

This Article presents a simple methodology for the fabrication of two-dimensional arrays of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanodots on n-doped Si substrates via the directed self-assembly of PS-b-PEO block copolymer templates. The approach produces highly ordered PZT nanodot patterns, with lateral widths and heights as small as 20 and 10 nm, respectively, and a coverage density as high as ∼68 × 109 nanodots cm–2. The existence of a perovskite phase in the nanodots was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The piezo-amplitude and ferroelectric domain response obtained from the nanodots, through piezoresponse force microscopy, confirmed the presence of ferroelectricity in the PZT arrays. Notably, PZT nanodots with a thickness ∼10 nm, which is close to the critical size limit of PZT, showed ferroelectric behavior. The presence of a multi-a/c domain structure in the nanodots was attributed to their polycrystalline nature