How can Trump win?

In this paper, the McCulloch-Pitts model built on an artificial neuron is first introduced briefly, followed by a modified model – the coupled network model to describe social opinion network in period of the presidential election. To illustrate the new model, its formalism and analytical results on fixed points will be stated step by step. Then, we investigate the dependence on the ratio of the initial conditions so that we could find out more on relationship between current information and preference on final results. Finally, U.S. election campaign in 2016 will be examined comprehensively including support rates, possible preference, time series analysis, and period analysis. Besides mathematical research, we also take real-life activities into consideration. For example, Trump used Twitter to help his view spreading and take advantage of the underlying uncertainty to some extent

Ising model – an analysis, from opinions to neuronal states

Here we have developed a mathematical model of a random neuron network with two types of neurons: inhibitory and excitatory. Every neuron was modelled as a functional cell with three states, parallel to hyperpolarised, neutral and depolarised states in vivo. These either induce a signal or not into their postsynaptic partners. First a system including just one network was simulated numerically using the software developed in Python. Our simulations show that under physiological initial conditions, the neurons in the network all switch off, irrespective of the initial distribution of states. However, with increased inhibitory connections beyond 85%, spontaneous oscillations arise in the system. This raises the question whether there exist pathologies where the increased amount of inhibitory connections leads to uncontrolled neural activity. There has been preliminary evidence elsewhere that this may be the case in autism and down syndrome [1-4]. At the next stage we numerically studied two mutually coupled networks through mean field interactions. We find that via a small range of coupling constants between the networks, pulses of activity in one network are transferred to the other. However, for high enough coupling there appears a very sudden change in behaviour. This leads to both networks oscillating independent of the pulses applied. These uncontrolled oscillations may also be applied to neural pathologies, where unconnected neuronal systems in the brain may interact via their electromagnetic fields. Any mutations or diseases that increase how brain regions interact can induce this pathological activity resonance. Our simulations provided some interesting insight into neuronal behaviour, in particular factors that lead to emergent phenomena in dynamics of neural networks. This can be tied to pathologies, such as autism, Down's syndrome, the synchronisation seen in parkinson's and the desynchronisation seen in epilepsy. The model is very general and also can be applied to describe social network and social pathologies

Possible high-pressure orbital quantum criticality and an emergent resistive phase in PbRuO₃

The orbital ordering transition in the metallic perovskite PbRuO3 is suppressed from 90 K at ambient pressure towards zero temperature at 50 kbar, where non-Fermi liquid resistivity with a temperature exponent n = 1.6 is observed. This evidences a possible quantum critical point brought about by orbital fluctuations, rather than spin fluctuations as observed in Sr3Ru2O7 and heavy fermion conductors. An anomalous increase of resistivity is observed at pressures above ∼100 kbar, and a transition to a more resistive, possibly semiconducting, phase is observed at 300 kbar and ambient temperature. © 2013 American Physical Society

Anomalies of upper critical field in the spinel superconductor LiTi2_2O4−δ_{4-\delta}

High-field electrical transport and point-contact tunneling spectroscopy were used to investigate superconducting properties of the unique spinel oxide, LiTi$_2$O$_{4-\delta}$ films with various oxygen content. We find that the upper critical field $B_\mathrm{c2}$ gradually increases as more oxygen impurities are brought into the samples by carefully tuning the deposition atmosphere. It is striking that although the superconducting transition temperature and energy gap are almost unchanged, an astonishing isotropic $B_\mathrm{c2}$ up to $\sim$ 26 Tesla is observed in oxygen-rich sample, which is doubled compared to the anoxic sample and breaks the Pauli limit. Such anomalies of $B_\mathrm{c2}$ were rarely reported in other three dimensional superconductors. Combined with all the anomalies, three dimensional spin-orbit interaction induced by tiny oxygen impurities is naturally proposed to account for the remarkable enhancement of $B_\mathrm{c2}$ in oxygen-rich LiTi$_2$O$_{4-\delta}$ films. Such mechanism could be general and therefore provides ideas for optimizing practical superconductors with higher $B_\mathrm{c2}$

Anomalies of upper critical field in the spinel superconductor LiTi2 O4-δ

© 2019 American Physical Society. High-field electrical transport and point-contact tunneling spectroscopy are used to investigate superconducting properties of spinel oxide LiTi2O4-δ films with various oxygen contents. It is striking that although the superconducting transition temperature and energy gap are almost unchanged, an isotropic upper critical field Bc2 up to 26.0 T is observed in the oxygen-rich sample, which is more than twice the Bc2 of 11.3 T in the anoxic one. The change of the dominating pair-breaking mechanism from the orbital effect to the spin flip at Bc2 is achieved by tuning oxygen contents, which can be explained by the appearance of small Fermi pockets due to extra oxygen. Our paper provides deep understanding of the intrinsic relation between Bc2 and the complex Fermi surface, and contributes a promising way to enhance Bc2 for practical superconductors

ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Tuning of Two Metals and Colossal Magnetoresistances in EuWO1+xN2-x Perovskites.

This article is closed access.A remarkable electronic flexibility and colossal magnetoresistance effects have been discovered in the perovskite oxynitrides EuWO1+xN 2-x. Ammonolysis of Eu2W2O9 yields scheelite-type intermediates EuWO4-yNy with a very small degree of nitride substitution (y = 0.04) and then EuWO1+xN 2-x perovskites that show a wide range of compositions -0.16 < x < 0.46. The cubic lattice parameter varies linearly with x, but electron microscopy reveals a tetragonal superstructure. The previously unobserved x < 0 regime corresponds to oxidation of Eu (hole doping of the Eu:4f band), whereas x > 0 materials have chemical reduction of W (electron doping of the W:5d band). Hence, both the Eu and W oxidation states and the hole/electron doping are tuned by varying the O/N ratio. EuWO1+xN2-x phases order ferromagnetically at 12 K, and colossal magnetoresistances (CMR) are observed in the least doped (x = -0.04) sample. Distinct mechanisms for the hole and electron magnetotransport regimes are identified. © 2010 American Chemical Society

A conducting nano-filament (CNF) network as a precursor to the origin of superconductivity in electron-doped copper oxides

Emergency of superconductivity at the instabilities of antiferromagnetism has been widely recognized in unconventional superconductors. In copper-oxide superconductors, spin fluctuations play a predominant role in electron pairing with electron dopants yet composite orders veil the nature of superconductivity for hole-doped family. However, in electron-doped copper oxide superconductors (cuprates) the AFM critical end point is still in controversy for different probes, demonstrating high sensitivity to oxygen content. Here, by carefully tuning the oxygen content, a systematic study of the Hall signal and magnetoresistivity up to 58 Tesla on LCCO thin films identifies two characteristic temperatures. The former is quite robust, whereas the latter becomes flexible with increasing magnetic field, thereby linking respectively to two- and three-dimensional AFM, evident from the multidimensional phase diagram as a function of oxygen and Ce dopants. A rigorous theoretical analysis of the presented data suggest the existence of conductive nano-filamentary structures that effectively corroborate all previously reported field studies. The new findings provide a uniquely consistent alternative picture in understanding the interactions between AFM and superconductivity in electron-doped cuprates and offer a consolidating interpretation to the pioneering scaling law in cuprates recently established by Bozovic et al. (Nature, 2016