4 research outputs found

    Dendroflora of Opalenica

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    Ocena wp艂ywu sk艂adu chemicznego oraz parametr贸w wytwarzania na struktur臋 i w艂a艣ciwo艣ci kompozyt贸w na osnowie srebra z udzia艂em ZnO

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    The paper shows results of the study into influence of chemical composition and consolidation process conditions on changes of physical and electrical properties of silver-based composites used in production of electric contacts. The investigations addressed influence of content of zinc oxide (ZnO) and modifying additions in a form of silver tungstate (Ag2WO4) and silver molybdate (Ag2MoO4) on changes in density, porosity and electrical conductivity. Density of the produced compacts was established by geometric method. The results of density measurements were used in determination of total porosity of sinters. Also arc erosion was examined to determine applicability of the produced composites for production of electric contacts. The erosion was measured as mass loss of individual materials after specific number of connections. The studies were conducted at current intensity of 10 A and voltage of 500V. The scope of the studies covered also evaluation of kinetics of sintering of the examined composites and determination of the mechanisms of mass transport in the process. Studies into kinetics of sintering were conducted in the air atmosphere at constant temperature of 900°C. Production of the examined composite materials consisted of mechanical synthesis of powders of silver, zinc oxide and silver tungstate and molybdate, and then their consolidation by two-sided pressing and subsequent sintering. In cold pressing various pressures were applied 200, 300 and 400 MPa. Sintering was performed with a partial participation of liquid phase in temperature of 900°C. Also additional two-sided pressing was applied under pressure of 500 MPa and stress-relieving recrystallization annealing was performed as the final operation.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badan wp艂ywu sk艂adu chemicznego oraz parametr贸w procesu konsolidacji na zmiany w艂a艣ciwo艣ci fizycznych oraz elektrycznych materia艂贸w kompozytowych na osnowie srebra przeznaczonych na styki elektryczne. Analizie poddano wp艂yw zawarto艣ci tlenku cynku (ZnO) oraz dodatk贸w modyfikuj膮cych w postaci wolframianu srebra (Ag2WO4) oraz molibdenianu srebra (Ag2MoO4) na zmiany g臋sto艣ci, porowato艣ci oraz przewodno艣ci elektrycznej. G臋sto艣膰 uzyskanych wyprasek wyznaczono metoda geometryczna. Na podstawie uzyskanych wynik贸w g臋sto艣ci wyznaczono porowato艣膰 ca艂kowita spiek贸w. Wykonano r贸wnie偶 badania erozji 艂ukowej jako parametru okre艣laj膮cego przydatno艣膰 wytworzonych materia艂贸w kompozytowych do zastosowania na styki elektryczne. Miara erozji by艂 ubytek masy poszczeg贸lnych materia艂贸w po okre艣lonej liczbie 艂膮cze艅. Badania zosta艂y przeprowadzone przy nat臋偶eniu 10 A i napi臋ciu 500 V. W ramach badan dokonano r贸wnie偶 oceny kinetyki spiekania badanych materia艂贸w kompozytowych oraz podj臋to pr贸b臋 okre艣lenia mechanizm贸w transportu masy jakie wyst臋puj膮 podczas tego procesu. Badania kinetyki spiekania prowadzono w atmosferze powietrza w sta艂ej temperaturze wynosz膮cej 900°C. Proces wytwarzania badanych materia艂贸w kompozytowych obejmowa艂 mechaniczna syntez臋 proszk贸w srebra, tlenku cynku oraz wolframianu i molibdenianu srebra, a nast臋pnie ich konsolidacje poprzez dwustronne prasowanie i nast臋puj膮ce po nim spiekanie. Zabieg prasowania prowadzono na zimno, stosuj膮c r贸偶ne ci艣nienie prasowania 200, 300 oraz 400 MPa. Proces spiekania przebiega艂 z cz臋艣ciowym udzia艂em fazy ciek艂ej w temperaturze 900°C. Zastosowano tak偶e dodatkowe prasowanie dwustronne pod ci艣nieniem 500 MPa oraz jako zabieg ko艅cowy wy偶arzanie rekrystalizuj膮co-odpr臋偶aj膮ce

    Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in non-obese and obese patients. An analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004-2015 cohort studies

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    Aims We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006 and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results 45,615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14,202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria, and 17,216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44,620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese (hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% CI, 1.79-1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82-2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively) and non-obese individuals (HR: 2.11 [95% CI 1.85-2.40] and 1.7 [95% CI, 1.56-1.85] according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria respectively). Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS (HR: 1.16 [95% CI 1.10-1.23] and HR: 1.22 [95%CI 1.15-1.30], respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied). Conclusions MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised
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