Spatial Pattern Formation in External Noise: Theory and Simulation

Spatial pattern formation in excitable fluctuating media was researched analytically from the point of view of the order parameters concept. The reaction-diffusion system in external noise is considered as a model of such medium. Stochastic equations for the unstable mode amplitudes (order parameters), dispersion equations for the unstable mode averaged amplitudes, and the Fokker-Planck equation for the order parameters have been obtained. The developed theory makes it possible to analyze different noise-induced effects, including the variation of boundaries of ordering and disordering phase transitions depending on the parameters of external noiseComment: 22 pages, 10 figure

Insomnias in patients with cerebrovascular disorders

The issue is devoted to modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in patients with cerebrovascular pathology. A modern International classification of sleep disorders, a change in the classification and diagnostic criteria of insomnia is considered. The analysis of prevalence of sleep disorders, at the patients with stroke is carried out. The advantage of correcting these disorders with the help of Melaxen was shown

Strategies for patient therapy with chronic brain ischemia

The article is devoted to the analysis of various pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the formation of chronic brain ischemia. The authors discuss current trends in society, leading to a wide spread of cerebrovascular diseases: an increase in life expectancy and a constantly increasing level of psychosocial stresses. The paper considers the variety of clinical manifestations, course options, the pace of development of this pathology, diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties encountered by doctors treating this category of patients. Particular attention is paid to symptoms that prevent a full course of treatment and prevention of chronic cerebral ischemia, such as asthenia and impaired statolocomotor function. The leading pathogenetic mechanisms that play a role in the formation of these syndromes are discussed. Various approaches to the treatment of this pathological condition are considered. The possibility of using drugs with a multimodal effect is discussed. An analysis of a clinical case involving a patient with a long history of chronic brain ischemia is presented. The main factors that are obstacles to a full pathogenetically directed treatment are identified and ways to solve this therapeutic problem are given. The authors conclude that it is necessary to formulate a wellthought- out therapy strategy for this pathological condition, including timely, well-considered use of drugs with a neurotrophic, neuromodulating effect, which allows further measures, including non-pharmacological approaches. Particular attention is paid to the role of social support and physical activity for the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases

Risk factors for development of cognitive impairment in doctors and methods for correction

The work is devoted to the study of cognitive impairment in physicians with different modes of work. It is demonstrated that a large number of medical duties, a shifting schedule of work and long work with a computer worsen cognitive and psychoemotional characteristics of doctors. The use of standardized extract EGb 761® allows to prevent these pathological changes

Discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy. Recommendations of the Russian Association for the Study of Pain (RSSP)

When examining a patient with lumbosacral pain, it is necessary to rule out the specific cause of the disease. The diagnosis of discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy (DLSR) is based on clinical examination; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of informative value in excluding other causes of radiculopathy and in evaluating disk herniation. If the signs of cauda equina and spinal cord compression are absent, and no epidural glucocorticoid injection or urgent surgical treatment is scheduled, there is no reason for early (within the first 4 weeks) MRI.It is recommended to inform the patient with DLSR about the possibility of disk herniation regression and natural recovery and about the advisability of maintaining physical activity. Epidural administration of local anesthetics and glucocorticoids and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are advisable to relieve acute pain. Anticonvulsants (pregabalin and gabapentin), muscle relaxants, and B vitamins can be used as additional methods for acute DLSR; psychological therapies (cognitive behavioral therapy), antidepressants, therapeutic exercises (kinesiotherapy), manual therapy, and acupuncture are effective in chronic DLSR. Consultation with a neurosurgeon for possible microdiscectomy is indicated in the presence of cauda equina syndrome (urgently) and in the absence of medical therapy effects within 4–8 weeks.Therapeutic exercises (kinesitherapy) with an educational program for prevention of strenuous physical activity and static and uncomfortable positions for a long time, as well as for teaching how to lift weights properly, etc. are recommended for preventive purposes