Clinical and radiological evaluation of elbow dysplasia in 10 dogs

Cetinkaya, Mehmet Alper/0000-0001-5097-6368;WOS: 000274637800005The study material was composed of 10 dogs from various breed, age and sex brought to clinic with complaint of forelimb lameness in which elbow dysplasia was found. After clinical and radiological examinations types and the degrees of the dysplasia were identified. Seven of the cases were surgically interfered where only symptomatic treatment was performed in three. After treatment process', results were excellent in 4, good in 4 and moderate in 2 cases. As a result it was concluded that; surgical intervention performed before the occurence of the chronic degenerative lesions was found to be efficient for the prognosis and supportive medical treatment has significant role in relieving of clinical symptoms

Interlocking Nail Stabilization of Canine Femoral Fractures; Clinical Experience and Results of the Nineteen Cases

WOS: 000311195800021In this study Interlocking nails were used in order to fixate the canine femoral fractures and to examine the effects of the implants on fracture healing, clinically and radipgraphically in 19 dogs. The material of the study consisted 19 dogs of medium-large size, which were brought to Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology because of injuries due to various trauma and consequent diaphyseal femur fractures clinically and radiologically. Following general anaesthesia, the broken extremity was operated, a total of 20 interlocking pins of different sizes were placed. Among the pins used with an appropriate diameter and length, 10 were 8-199 mm, 4 were 8-185 mm, 2 were 8-172, 1 was 8-165, 2 were 6-172 mm and another was 6-160 mm, respectively. In order to lock these pins 46, 3.5 mm diameter screws, with different length were used. It was observed that 1 screw in proximal and 1 screw in distal region, didn't hold in the holes of the pins. Statical nailing was performed in all cases but one. Cases were clinically examined for weight bearing and extremity usage and radiologically, the callus tissue development was monitored. As a result; the idea was that interlocking nailing technique was on alternative to plates by creating enough rigidity, to fixate 1/3 diaphyseal femoral fractures in medium and medium-large breed dogs

Brain targeting of Atorvastatin loaded amphiphilic PLGA-b-PEG nanoparticles

Eroglu, Hakan/0000-0001-6361-0074WOS: 000312505100002PubMed: 22734433The objective of this study was to develop polysorbate 80 coated and Atorvastatin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG) nanoparticles and to investigate advantages of coating on nanoparticles for brain delivery of Atorvastatin. The nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. The effects of polymer concentration, PEG content and polysorbate 80 coating on the particle size, drug loading efficiency and release behaviour of nanoparticles were investigated. Additionally, cellular uptake and brain targeting of formulated nanoparticles were studied. Particle sizes were in the range of 30-172 nm depending on formulation parameters. Increasing the polymer concentration significantly increased the nanoparticle size. Decreasing the PEG content from 15% to 5% (w/w) in polymer composition increased the nanoparticle size from 69 to 172 nm. Both coated and uncoated polysorbate 80 nanoparticles were effectively internalised within the endothelial cells. Moreover, both types of nanoparticles were able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and reach the maximum in brain 1 h post injection. It was concluded that these nanoparticles are promising nanosystems for treatment of neurological disorders.Hacettepe University, Scientific Research UnitHacettepe University [07A301001]The authors would like to express their special thanks to the Metis Biotechnology Company for cooperation in in vivo imaging studies. This work was supported by grants from Hacettepe University, Scientific Research Unit (BAB, Grant no: 07A301001)

The Effects of Ketoprofen and Meloxicam on Bone Healing in Rat Model: A Comparative Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Study

KUMANDAS, ALI/0000-0002-7679-2126WOS: 000305923500024Pain control is a common clinical approach in trauma and postoperative care especially complicated orthopedic surgeries to ease the deleterious effects of pain. Various kinds of pain killers have been used, and nowadays nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used drugs for pain control purposes. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthetase, also commonly called cyclooxygenase (COX), is one of the key enzymes in prostaglandin bio-synthesis. The COX enzymes have subgroups of enzymes, each of which suppresses different inflammatory mediators. These enzymes are involved in different functions, some of which are essential for continuity of physiological processes. Thus, NSAIDs are expected not to cause any change of functions of some enzymes while suppressing others. Among the COX enzymes, COX-1 is associated with gastrointestinal system functions and gastrointestinal mucosa while COX-2 is associated with inflammation and pain. Like most drugs, NSAIDs have known and possible side effects. In various studies related to NSAIDs, inhibitory effects of conventional NSAIDs with non-selective effects and specific COX-2 inhibitors on bone healing have been reported. In this study, the effects of ketoprofen and meloxicam on bone fracture healing induced in 24 adult male Wistar rats was studied by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). The results indicates that meloxicam inhibits the fracture healing to some degree.Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale UniversityThis research was supported by the Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit of Kirikkale Universit

Comparison of two different triple pelvic osteotomy plates for the treatment of hip dysplasia in 23 dogs

WOS: 000357000800006This study was performed on different breeds, age and sex 23 dogs, which were brought with canine hip dysplasia (CHD). All cases separated into randomized two groups. Although Standard Triple Pelvic Osteotomy (TPO) procedure and Standard TPO Plate were applied on the first group (6 cases), in the other (17 cases) Standard TPO procedure and Twisted Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) plate were applied. Pre and postoperative Norberg-Olsson Angles (NO) was measured by Bs200Pro Software Programme (BsCelik, BAB Digital Imaging System 2007, Ankara, Turkiye) on computer imaging. Although group numbers are not equal we concluded that there were not any considerable difference shown between two groups. Twisted DCP group's evaluation was found to be similar to evaluation of TPO Plate group. Twisted DCP is as effective as original TPO Plate for treatment of canine hip dysplasia

Characterization and Evaluation of Triamcinolone, Raloxifene, and Their Dual-Loaded Microspheres as Prospective Local Treatment System in Rheumatic Rat Joints

Bayram, Cem/0000-0001-8717-4668;WOS: 000340277700020PubMed: 24939720In this study, injectable microspheres were developed for the local treatment of joint degeneration in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Microspheres loaded with triamcinolone (TA), a corticosteroid drug, and/or raloxifene (Ral), a cartilage regenerative drug, were prepared with a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL). Microspheres were optimized for particle size, structural properties, drug release, and loading properties. In vitro release of Ral was very slow because of the low solubility of the drug and hydrophobic nature of PCL. However, when coloaded with TA, both drugs were released at higher amounts compared with their single forms. Smallest particle sizes were obtained in dual drug-loaded microspheres. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed biocompatibility of microspheres. In vivo bioefficacy of these microspheres was also examined in adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. In vivo histological studies of control groups showed development of RA with high median lesion score (5.0). Compared with control and intra-articular free drug injections, microsphere treatment groups showed lower lesion scores and better healing outcomes in histological evaluations. Results suggest that a controlled delivery system of TA and RAL by a single injection in inflamed joints holds promise for healing and suppressing inflammation. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:2396-2405, 2014Middle East Technical UniversityMiddle East Technical UniversityWe thank to Middle East Technical University for financially supporting the study

Comparison of the Efficacy of Gutta-percha and Thermafil in Endodontic Treatment in Dogs

KUMANDAS, ALI/0000-0002-7679-2126;WOS: 000294652200013Endodontic treatment is performed to save periodontally intact teeth with pulpal inflammation, infection or necrosis. There are some endodontic filling materials used in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of two different root canal treatments with thermafil and gutta-percha, in dogs. Nineteen tooth roots were treated in 11 dogs. The treated teeth comprised of six first incisors, five second incisors, three third incisors and five canine teeth. Root canal treatment was decided to be performed after clinical and radiological examination. The depth of the gingival sulcus, dental mobility, haemorrhage after probing and change of tooth colour were assessed and periapical lesions and root resorption were evaluated after dental radiographic examination. In clinical examination, exposed dental pulp, dental mobility, discoloration and fracture were recorded in 14, 3, 6 and 4 teeth, respectively. Periapical lesions were recorded in 4 teeth and root resorption was determined in 2 teeth during dental radiological examination. The root canal was filled with gutta-percha in 12 tooth roots and with thermafil in 7 tooth roots. Afterwards, access openings were closed with a composite resin. Of the 12 tooth roots obturated with gutta-percha, 4 were filled with 55 mm long-gutta-percha plugs manufactured specifically for carnivores and the others were obturated with commercially available 25 mm-long gutta-percha plugs. Both techniques were observed to be applicable; however, obturation with thermafil proved to be much easier. As regards the time needed for application, thermafil was applied within shorter periods compared to gutta-percha. However, the results obtained showed that, instead of using gutta-percha cones and a file of the same size, it would be better to prefer a smaller size thermafil cone to obturate the full length of the root canal.Scientific Research Project Unit of Kirikkale UniversityKirikkale University [2007/23]This research was supported by the Scientific Research Project Unit of Kirikkale University (2007/23)

Comparison of Propofol-Remifentanil and Propofol-Fentanyl Anesthesia During Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs

KUMANDAS, ALI/0000-0002-7679-2126WOS: 000321753100006The aim of the study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and clinical effects of propofol and remifentanil anesthesia compared to propofol and fentanyl anesthesia during ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Sixteen healthy dogs were randomly assigned to two groups. After premedication with atropine, anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with the infusion of propofol at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/min. Once stable anesthesia was achieved, 1 mu g/kg remifentanil or 2 mu g/kg fentanyl was administered intravenously, and infusion was begun at a dose of 0.6 mu g/kg/min and 0.5 mu g/kg/min, respectively. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded after propofol administration combined with remifentanil or fentanyl at 10-min intervals, and the quality of anesthesia, return of spontaneous ventilation, head lift and sternal position were also recorded. Apnea was observed after remifentanil and fentanyl administration in all dogs. Heart rate, systolic and mean arterial blood pressures tended to decrease rapidly after remifentanil and fentanyl administration, and during the first 20 min, in both groups. Although the difference between times was significant, the difference between groups was statistically insignificant. Recovery periods were longer in the fentanyl group than in the remifentanil group. The administration of propofol with remifentanil or fentanyl provides a stable haemodynamic state and depth of anesthesia with a constant infusion, and remifentanil could be preferred to fentanyl when aiming a rapid recovery period

Polyethyleneimine brushes effectively inhibit encrustation on polyurethane ureteral stents both in dynamic bioreactor and in vivo

ERTAS, NUSRET/0000-0002-9770-3292WOS: 000390967200135PubMed: 27987673Polyurethane (PU) ureteral stents have been widely used as biomedical devices to aid the flow of the urine. Due to the biofilm formation and encrustation complications it has been hindered their long term clinical usage. To overcome these complications, in this study, cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) brushes grafted on PU stents and their performances were tested both in a dynamic biofilm reactor system (in vitro) and in a rat model (in vivo). Thus, we hypothesized that PEI brushes inhibit bacterial adhesion owing to the dynamic motion of brushes in liquid environment. In addition, cationic structure of PEI disrupts the membrane and so kills the bacteria on time of contact. Cationic PEI brushes decreased the biofilm formation up to 2 orders of magnitude and approximately 50% of encrustation amount in respect to unmodified PU, in vitro. In addition, according to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) results, approximately 90% of encrustation was inhibited on in vivo animal models. Decrease in encrustation was clearly observed on the stents obtained from rat model, by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Also, histological evaluations showed that; PEI brush grafting decreased host tissue inflammation in close relation to decrease in biofilm formation and encrustation. As a results; dual effect of anti adhesive and contact-killing antibacterial strategy showed high efficiency on PEI brushes grafted PU stents both in vitro and in vivo. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Scientific and Technological Research Council Turkey of (TUBITAK) [112M293]This study is financially supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council Turkey of (TUBITAK) (Grant no: 112M293)