USE OF IMMUNOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH TWO SIMULTANEOUS METASTATIC DISEASES

Immunotherapy is an evolving and promising cancer treatment proven to significantly prolong survival in a multitude of oncological diseases. Nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody to the PD-1 receptor, is an immunotherapy used in the treatment of several cancers, including melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Prevalence of impostor phenomenon among medical and kinesiology students

Uvod: Fenomen varalice opisan je kao unutarnji doživljaj intelektualne prijevare u visokouspješnih pojedinaca, osobito kod studenata medicine. Navedeni obrazac ponašanja, obilježen manjkom samopouzdanja i strahom od neuspjeha, u pojedinca može dovesti do nastanka depresije, anksioznosti i sindroma izgaranja. Ispitanici i metode: Ovo presječno istraživanje provedeno je na studentima medicine VI. godine u Zagrebu i IV. godine u Rijeci te od I. do V. godine kineziologije u Zagrebu. Prikupljeni su podatci o sociodemografskim obilježjima i ispitanici su ispunili upitnike za anksioznost (GAD-7) i depresiju (PHQ-9) i Clance ljestvicu fenomena varalice (CIPS). Rezultati su opisani numerički i grafički, a za analizu su korišteni parametrijski i neparametrijski statistički testovi uz p < 0,05. Rezultati: Koristeći graničnu vrijednost od 62, prevalencija fenomena varalice kod studenata Medicinskog fakulteta u Rijeci iznosila je 53,66 %, u Zagrebu 50,47 %, dok je na Kineziološkom fakultetu iznosila 27,16 %. Studenti medicine u Rijeci imali su prosječnu vrijednost CIPS-a 62,69, u Zagrebu 62,27, a studenti kineziologije 52,50. Studentice medicine u Zagrebu i kineziologije imale su značajno veće prosječne vrijednosti CIPS-a od muških kolega. Dokazane su značajne pozitivne korelacije CIPS-a s PHQ-9 (r = 0,536) i GAD-7 (r = 0,556) te negativna korelacija s prosječnim satima spavanja (r = -0,165). Zaključak: Studenti medicine imaju izraženija obilježja fenomena varalice nego studenti kineziologije, a žene ga proživljavaju češće nego muškarci. Utvrđena povezanost fenomena varalice s depresijom, anksioznosti i manjkom sna upućuje na potrebe definiranja uzročno-posljedične povezanosti s ciljem prevencije, probira i liječenja navedenih poremećaja.Introduction: Impostor phenomenon (IP) is described as an internal experience of intellectual fraudulence among high achieving individuals, in particular medical students. This behavioral pattern, characterized by low self-esteem and fear of failure, can lead to development of clinical depression, anxiety and burnout syndrome. Participants & Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 6th year medical students in Zagreb, 4th year medical students in Rijeka and from 1st to 5th year kinesiology students in Zagreb. Sociodemographic data was collected with anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) questionnaire and Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS). Results are displayed numerically and graphically. Parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were used with p < 0.05. Results: Using a cut off 62, the prevalence of impostor phenomenon among medical student in Rijeka was 53.66 %, in Zagreb 50.47 % and kinesiology students 27.16 %. Medical students in Rijeka had mean CIPS of 52.5, in Zagreb 62.27 and kinesiology students 52.5. Female medicine and kinesiology students in Zagreb had significantly higher mean CIPS values than males. Positive correlations were noted between impostor phenomenon with depression (r = 0.536) and anxiety (r = 0.556) and negative correlation with average hours of sleep (r = -0.165). Conclusion: This study showed that medical students have higher impostor feeling compared to kinesiology students and women experience it more than men. Results confirmed its significant correlation with depression, anxiety and lack of sleep which indicates the need for a defining cause-and-effect relationship with the aim for prevention, screening and treatment of mentioned disorders