Delaying repatriation: Japanese technicians in early postwar China

Research on the Japanese living in Manchukuo in August 1945 has generally fostered the assumption that all Japanese there wanted to return to Japan as soon as possible. Yet, some made the conscious and voluntary decision to stay, at least for the short to medium term. Among those who chose to delay repatriation were a number of technicians employed by Mantetsu’s (South Manchurian Railroad Company) Ch¯uo Shikenjo. This paper looks at the political and personal realities faced by these technicians when making their decisions as whether to stay or leave in terms of the concepts of voluntary and involuntary repatriation. It shows that the circumstances faced, and consequently the decisions made by the technicians, differed over time. It argues that there were three main reasons behind any decision to stay: pragmatism, a sense of responsibility for Japan’s activities during the war and a sense of loyalty

鹿児島県下の高校生の環境問題に関する認識(第3報) : 知識の情報源,環境問題の授業の評価,環境を守るために必要な事項および今後の課題

In September 1998, questionnaires on the source of environmental issues, the evaluation and the handling of the classes on the issues, and what was necessary for conserve the environment were investigated of 666 senior high school students in Kagoshima Prefecture. The following results were clarified : 1. Sources of knowledge concerning environmental issues were television (75%), newspaper (33%), other classes (29%), and home economics classes (8%). When students made the newspaper a source, they had awareness, knowledge, activity experiences, and responsible concern for the environment more than others significantly. 2. Eighty nine percent of the respondents answered that the classes on environmental issues were "Insufficiency". However, only 45% wanted to learn the issues in the class positively, and few items were wanted to study. 3. Forty eight percent of students gave the knowledge and the desire as a necessity to conserve the environment, and 35% gave oractice. Furthermore, 13% gave consideration and the action of the individual

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We confirmed the bibliographic notes of literature on "home economics, home life and history of life", "economics of home", "family, home and marriage" and "home science" before World War II. The literature were picked up from "KASEIGAKU-SEIRITSU-SHI" written by TUNEMI and 25 books on philosophy of home economics. The results were as follows : (1) 82%, 314 literature of 382 objects were confirmed. (2) 91% of 382 objects had some unsatisfactory or mistaken notes. 85% of publishers, 33% of published year, 24% of title and 5% of editors or authors, had the unsatisfatory or mistaken notes. (3) 189 literature which had the unsatisfactory or mistaken notes except publishers only, were listed with supplied or revised

Antiproliferative effect of selexipag active metabolite MRE‐269 on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Abstract Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a group 4 pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterized by nonresolving thromboembolism in the central pulmonary artery and vascular occlusion in the proximal and distal pulmonary artery. Medical therapy is chosen for patients who are ineligible for pulmonary endarterectomy or balloon pulmonary angioplasty or who have symptomatic residual PH after surgery or intervention. Selexipag, an oral prostacyclin receptor agonist and potent vasodilator, was approved for CTEPH in Japan in 2021. To evaluate the pharmacological effect of selexipag on vascular occlusion in CTEPH, we examined how its active metabolite MRE‐269 affects platelet‐derived growth factor‐stimulated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from CTEPH patients. MRE‐269 showed a more potent antiproliferative effect on PASMCs from CTEPH patients than on those from normal subjects. DNA‐binding protein inhibitor (ID) genes ID1 and ID3 were found by RNA sequencing and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to be expressed at lower levels in PASMCs from CTEPH patients than in those from normal subjects and were upregulated by MRE‐269 treatment. ID1 and ID3 upregulation by MRE‐269 was blocked by co‐incubation with a prostacyclin receptor antagonist, and ID1 knockdown by small interfering RNA transfection attenuated the antiproliferative effect of MRE‐269. ID signaling may be involved in the antiproliferative effect of MRE‐269 on PASMCs. This is the first study to demonstrate the pharmacological effects on PASMCs from CTEPH patients of a drug approved for the treatment of CTEPH. Both the vasodilatory and the antiproliferative effect of MRE‐269 may contribute to the efficacy of selexipag in CTEPH