241 research outputs found
Interventions to Ameliorate the Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children-A Systematic Review
The aim of this study was to identify interventions targeting children and their caregivers to reduce psychosocial problems in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and comparable outbreaks. The review was performed using systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and COVID-19-specific databases, including the CDC COVID-19 Research Database, the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Database on COVID-19 Research and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register and the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) up to 25th September 2020. The search yielded 6657 unique citations. After title/abstract and full text screening, 11 study protocols reporting on trials planned in China, the US, Canada, the UK, and Hungary during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Four interventions targeted children \geq10 years directly, seven system-based interventions targeted the parents and caregivers of younger children and adolescents. Outcome measures encompassed mainly anxiety and depressive symptoms, different dimensions of stress or psychosocial well-being, and quality of supportive relationships. In conclusion, this systematic review revealed a paucity of studies on psychosocial interventions for children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should be encouraged in light of the expected demand for child mental health management
Transtorno bipolar na infância e na adolescência
Em processament
Interrelations of resilience factors and their incremental impact for mental health: insights from network modeling using a prospective study across seven timepoints
Resilience can be viewed as trajectory of stable good mental health or the quick recovery of mental health during or after stressor
exposure. Resilience factors (RFs) are psychological resources that buffer the potentially negative effects of stress on mental
health. A problem of resilience research is the large number of conceptually overlapping RFs complicating their understanding.
The current study sheds light on the interrelations of RFs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic as a use case for major disruptions.
The non-preregistered prospective study assessed a sample of 1275 German-speaking people from February 2020 to March 2021
at seven timepoints. We measured coping, hardiness, control beliefs, optimism, self-efficacy, sense of coherence (SOC), sense of
mastery, social support and dispositional resilience as RFs in February 2020, and mental health (i.e., psychopathological symptoms,
COVID-19-related rumination, stress-related growth) at all timepoints. Analyses used partial correlation network models and latent
growth mixture modeling (LGMM). Pre-pandemic RFs were strongly interrelated, with SOC being the most central node. The
strongest associations emerged between coping using emotional support and social support, SOC and sense of mastery, and
dispositional resilience and self-efficacy. SOC and active coping were negatively linked. When we examined RFs as predictors of
mental health trajectories, SOC was the strongest predictor of psychopathological symptoms and rumination, while trajectories of
stress-related growth were predicted by optimism. Subsequent network analyses, including individual intercepts and slopes from
LGMM, showed that RFs had small to moderate associations with intercepts but were unrelated to slopes. Our findings provide
evidence for SOC playing an important role in mental distress and suggest further examining SOC’s incremental validity. However,
our results also propose that RFs might be more important for stable levels of mental health than for adaptation processes over
time. The differential associations for negative and positive outcomes support the use of multidimensional outcomes in resilience
research
Soft spin waves in the low temperature thermodynamics of Pr_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_{3}
We present a detailed magnetothermal study of Pr(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO(3), a
perovskite manganite in which an insulator-metal transition can be driven by
magnetic field, but also by pressure, visible light, x-rays, or high currents.
We find that the field-induced transition is associated with an enormous
release of energy which accounts for its strong irreversibility. In the
ferromagnetic metallic state, specific heat and magnetization measurements
indicate a much smaller spin wave stiffness than that seen in any other
manganite, which we attribute to spin waves among the ferromagnetically ordered
Pr moments. The coupling between the Pr and Mn spins may also provide a basis
for understanding the low temperature phase diagram of this most unusual
manganite.Comment: 10 pages, LATEX, 5 PDF figures, corrected typo
Terapia cognitiva : aplicações de uma técnica para qualidade de vida e saúde
Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo geral aplicar e avaliar uma técnica específica de terapia cognitiva - organizada em 12 sessões grupais e denominada Tomada de Decisão e Qualidade de Vida -, destinada a promover saúde e incrementar qualidade de vida. No total, participaram 18 servidores de uma instituição pública de ensino superior. Nas etapas de admissão e de encerramento, aplicaram-se : Questionário de Qualidade de Vida, Inventário Beck de Ansiedade e Inventário Beck de Depressão. Foram identificadas melhoras significativas nos domínios físico, psicológico, meio ambiente, geral e saúde, relacionados à qualidade de vida. Não se verificaram alterações significantes nos escores de ansiedade (p=0,26). Em contrapartida, os escores de depressão indicaram melhora (p=0,02). Os resultados sugerem que a técnica pode ser empregada para promover saúde e qualidade de vida.In this study we implemented and assessed a specific cognitive therapy technique - Decision Making and Quality of Life, which is used to promote health and improve quality of life. Eighteen employees from a higher education institution participated in the study, which was organized into 12 group sessions. At the admission and concluding phases, we asked participants to complete the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref Questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results showed significant improvement in five of the domains that measure quality of life: physical, psychological, environmental, general, and health. There were no significant changes (p=0.26) in anxiety scores. In contrast, the depression scores got significantly better (p=0.02). The results suggest that the proposed technique is conducive to health promotion and quality of life
Label-free segmentation of co-cultured cells on a nanotopographical gradient
The function and fate of cells is influenced by many different factors, one of which is surface topography of the support culture substrate. Systematic studies of nanotopography and cell response have typically been limited to single cell types and a small set of topographical variations. Here, we show a radical expansion of experimental throughput using automated detection, measurement, and classification of co-cultured cells on a nanopillar array where feature height changes continuously from planar to 250 nm over 9 mm. Individual cells are identified and characterized by more than 200 descriptors, which are used to construct a set of rules for label-free segmentation into individual cell types. Using this approach we can achieve label-free segmentation with 84% confidence across large image data sets and suggest optimized surface parameters for nanostructuring of implant devices such as vascular stents
Physical Foundations of Landauer's Principle
We review the physical foundations of Landauer's Principle, which relates the
loss of information from a computational process to an increase in
thermodynamic entropy. Despite the long history of the Principle, its
fundamental rationale and proper interpretation remain frequently
misunderstood. Contrary to some misinterpretations of the Principle, the mere
transfer of entropy between computational and non-computational subsystems can
occur in a thermodynamically reversible way without increasing total entropy.
However, Landauer's Principle is not about general entropy transfers; rather,
it more specifically concerns the ejection of (all or part of) some correlated
information from a controlled, digital form (e.g., a computed bit) to an
uncontrolled, non-computational form, i.e., as part of a thermal environment.
Any uncontrolled thermal system will, by definition, continually re-randomize
the physical information in its thermal state, from our perspective as
observers who cannot predict the exact dynamical evolution of the microstates
of such environments. Thus, any correlations involving information that is
ejected into and subsequently thermalized by the environment will be lost from
our perspective, resulting directly in an irreversible increase in total
entropy. Avoiding the ejection and thermalization of correlated computational
information motivates the reversible computing paradigm, although the
requirements for computations to be thermodynamically reversible are less
restrictive than frequently described, particularly in the case of stochastic
computational operations. There are interesting possibilities for the design of
computational processes that utilize stochastic, many-to-one computational
operations while nevertheless avoiding net entropy increase that remain to be
fully explored.Comment: 42 pages, 15 figures, extended postprint of a paper published in the
10th Conf. on Reversible Computation (RC18), Leicester, UK, Sep. 201
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