Study of the #beta#-decays of "3"7Ca and "3"6Ca

The #beta#-delayed proton and #gamma#-ray emission of "3"7Ca and "3"6Ca was studied at the projectile fragment separator at GSI Darmstadt. In the "3"7Ga study, the #beta#-delayed #gamma#-decay was observed for the first time, and the half-life was redetermined, under essentially background-free conditions, as 181.1#+-#1.0 ms. The surprisingly high #GAMMA#_#gamma#/#GAMMA#_p values found for proton-unbound states in "3"7K drastically reduce former discrepancies between the Gamow-Teller strength value B(GT) measured in the "3"7Ca #beta#-decay and those deduced from the "3"7Cl(p, n)"3"7Ar mirror reaction. Our data provide evidence, on a level of 1.6 standard deviations, for isospin-mixing of the lowest T=3/2 level in "3"7K. In the "3"6Ca study, a complete #beta#-decay scheme, including the #beta#-delayed proton emission into the ground and first excited states of "3"5Ar as well as the #beta#-delayed #gamma#-decay, was measured for the first time. The "3"6Ca half-life was remeasured with improved accuracy to be 102#+-#2 ms. Our data exclude a 1"+ assignment for two near-threshold states in "3"6K that could be important resonances in "3"5Ar(p, #gamma#) reactions of astrophysical interest. The B(GT) distributions in "3"7","3"6Ca decays are compared to results obtained from large-scale sd shell-model calculations. (orig.)Available from FIZ Karlsruhe / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Breakup temperature of target spectators in "1"9"7Au + "1"9"7Au collisions at E/A=1000 MeV

Breakup temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotope yields for target spectators produced in the reaction "1"9"7Au+"1"9"7Au at 1000 MeV per nucleon. Pairs of "3","4He and "6","7Li isotopes and pairs of "3","4He and H isotopes (p,d and d,t) yield consistent temperatures after feeding corrections, based on the quantum statistical model, are applied. The temperatures rise with decreasing impact parameter from 4 MeV for peripheral to about 10 MeV for the most central collisions. The good agreement with the breakup temperatures measured previously for projectile spectators at an incident energy of 600 MeV per nucleon confirms the observed universality of the spectator decay at relativistic bombarding energies. The measured temperatures also agree with the breakup temperatures predicted by the statistical multifragmentation model. For these calculations a relation between the initial excitation energy and mass was derived which gives good simultaneous agreement for the fragment charge correlations. The energy spectra of light charged particles, measured at #theta#_l_a_b=150 , exhibit Maxwellian shapes with inverse slope parameters much higher than the breakup temperatures. The statistical multifragmentation model, because Coulomb repulsion and sequential decay processes are included, yields light-particle spectra with inverse slope parameters higher than the breakup temperatures but considerably below the measured values. The systematic behavior of the differences suggests that they are caused by light-charged-particle emission prior to the final breakup stage. (orig.)Available from FIZ Karlsruhe / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Gamow-Teller strength in the beta-decay of "3"7Ca and its implications for the detection of the solar neutrino flux

We have studied the #beta#-decay of "3"7Ca at the projectile fragment separator FRS and GSI Darmstadt. The resulting Gamow-Teller strength function B(GT) which is important for determining the detection efficiency of the Homestake mine "3"7Cl detector is significantly changed by the inclusion of previously unobserved #beta#-delayed #gamma#-rays. With the new results former discrepancies between the B(GT) values measured in the "3"7Ga #beta#-decay and those extracted from "3"7Cl(p, n)"3"7Ar reactions are drastically reduced. Additionally, our data yield evidence for an isospin-forbidden Fermi transition in the #beta#-decay of "3"7Ca. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 801(94-67) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Gamow-Teller strength in the #beta#-decay of "3"6Ca

The #beta#-decay of "3"6Ca has been studied at the projectile fragment separator at GSI Darmstadt. The Gamow-Teller strength function B(GT), deduced from the observed #beta#-delayed proton- and #gamma#-emission and from the measured half-life of 102(2) ms, is compared to results obtained from large-scale sd-shell model calculations. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 801(94-84) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

The beta-decay of "2"0Mg and its implications for the astrophysical rp-process

We have studied the #beta#-delayed proton and #gamma#-decay of "2"0Mg, produced by means of 95 MeV/u "2"4Mg+Ni reactions and implanted into a detector array after electromagnetic separation at GANIL. The experimental data obtained for excitation energies, #beta#-decay branching ratios, log-ft values and J"#pi#-assignments are given. No feeding has been observed to the 2646 keV state in "2"0Na, which plays an important role in the "1"9Ne(p, #gamma#)"2"0Na breakout reaction from the hot CNO cycle. A large difference of log ft values for mirror states in "2"0Na and "2"0F was found. The experimentally determined level properties, including B(GT) values, are discussed with reference to model calculations performed within the complete sd-shell space. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 801(93-47) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Multifragmentation of spectators in relativistic heavy-ion reactions

Using the ALADIN forward-spectrometer at SIS we have studied multi-fragment decays of "1"9"7Au projectiles after collisions with C, Al, Cu, and Pb targets at a bombarding energy of E/A=600 MeV. The new data presented in this work comprise the measured cross sections of multi-fragment processes, the N/Z ratios of the produced fragments, and the differential distributions of fragment multiplicities and of observables built on the charge correlations within the event. The "1"9"7Au+Cu data are analyzed with the Statistical Multifragmentation Model. It is shown that all observables can be simultaneously reproduced on an absolute scale, apart from an overall normalization constant which relates the number of model events to the measured cross section. A continuous distribution of excited residual nuclei, used as input for the calculations, was derived from the criterion of a best fit to the data. It exhibits a correlation between decreasing mass number A with increasing excitation energy E_x/A and a saturation of the excitation energy at E_x/A#approx#8 MeV. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RO 801(94-36) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Electromagnetic fission of "2"3"8U at 600 and 1000 MeV per nucleon

Electromagnetic fission of "2"3"8U projectiles at E/A=600 and 1000 MeV was studied with the ALADIN spectrometer at the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS. Seven different targets (Be, C, Al, Cu, In, Au and U) were used. By considering only those fission events where the two charges added up to 92, most of the nuclear interactions were excluded. The nuclear contributions to the measured fission cross sections were determined by extrapolating from beryllium to the heavier targets with the concept of factorization. The obtained cross sections for electromagnetic fission are well reproduced by extended Weizsaecker-Williams calculations which include E1 and E2 excitations. The asymmetry of the fission fragments' charge distribution gives evidence for the excitation of the double giant-dipole resonance in uranium. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 801(95-28) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Probing the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition

Fragment distributions resulting from Au+Au collisions at an incident energy of E/A=600 MeV are studied. From the measured fragment and neutron distributions the mass and the excitation energy of the decaying pre-fragments were determined. A temperature scale was derived from observed yield ratios of He and Li isotopes. The relation between this isotope temperature and the excitation energy of the system exhibits a behavior which is expected for a phase transition. The nuclear vapor regime takes over at an excitation energy of 10 MeV per nucleon, a temperature of 5 MeV and may be characterized by a density of 0.15-0.3 normal nuclear density. (orig.)55 refs.SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 801(95-13) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Charge-pickup of "2"3"8U at relativistic energies

Cross sections for the charge-pickup of "2"3"8U projectiles were measured at E/A=600 and 1000 MeV for seven different targets (Be, C, Al, Cu, In, Au and U). Events with two fission fragments with a sum charge of 93 in the exit channel were selected. Due to the significant excitation energy, the dominant part of produced Np nuclei fission instead of decaying to the ground state by evaporation. The observed cross sections can be well reproduced by intranuclear-cascade-plus-evaporation calculations and, therefore, confirm recent results that no exotic processes are needed to explain charge-pickup processes. (orig.)24 refs.Available from TIB Hannover: RO 801(95-60) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Beta-decay of "2"0Mg

The #beta#-decay of "2"0Mg was investigated. A secondary beam of "2"0Mg ions, produced in reactions between a 95 A x MeV "2"4Mg-beam and a "n"a"t".Ni-target, was isotopically separated by means of the LISE3 spectrometer at GANIL. This secondary beam was implanted into a silicon detector array surrounded by germanium #gamma#-detectors. The #beta#-delayed proton and #gamma#-ray data, measured for this short-lived nucleus (T_1_/_2=95#+-#3 ms), were incorporated into an improved "2"0Mg#->#"2"0Na decay scheme. The 2645 keV level in "2"0Na is of importance for the breakout from the astrophysical hot CNO-cycle and the onset of the rapid proton capture process via the reaction "1"9Ne(p,#gamma#)"2"0Na. An upper limit of 0.1% for the #beta#-decay feeding of the 2645 keV level and a lower limit for the corresponding log ft value of 6.24 were determined. The implications of this result for the spin and parity assignment of the 2645 keV state are discussed. Concerning the isobaric multiplet mass equation no significant deviation from its quadratic form was found. By comparing the "2"0Mg #beta#-decay into the proton-unbound 3001 keV state in "2"0Na and the isospin-mirrored decay into the particle-bound 3488 keV level in "2"0F, an asymmetry ft"+/ft"--1=1.69_-_0_._6_5"+"0"."8"6 was observed. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 801(94-52) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman