The influence of oral contraceptives of ethinyl estradiol combined

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables at the peak of exercise (up to physical exhaustion) and at the anaerobic threshold (AT) during a ramp-type-ergospirometric test (R-ET) on users and nonusers of oral contraceptives (OCs). 28 sedentary women divided into 3 groups: 10 nonusers of OCs (22.8±2.4 years); 10 users of OCs of ethinyl-estradiol (EE) combined with gestodeno (23.4±4.0 years); and 8 users of OCs of EE combined with desogestrel (23.2±5.0 years). The OC groups included women undergoing combined monophasic OC for at least 8 months. The volunteers were subjected to a complete clinical check-up, R-ET on a cycloergometer with power increments of 20 W/min, carried out on 7th and 10th day of the menstrual cycle. The Heart reat (HR) recorded beat-to-beat from a one-channel heart monitor (MINISCOPE II Instramed-Porto Alegre-RS-Brazil), the power and ventilatory variables were recorded breath-by-breath using an ergospirometer (CPX/D MedGrafics–Breeze-St.-Paul-Minnesota-USA). The AT was determined from a visual analysis of the loss of parallelism between the VO2 and the VCO2. Kruskal-Wallis tests with α = 5% was used. The mean values of the variables of VO2, Heart rate (HR), and power did not present a statistical difference (p\u3e0.05) at the peak of the exercise and at the AT in a comparison of the experimental groups. Contraceptive therapy of EE combined with gestodene or with desogestrel did not affect the cardiorespiratory responses

Comparative analysis of cardiopulmonary responses of healthy sedentary men and men after acute myocardial infarction

The aim of this study was to assess the aerobic capacity of men after acute myocardial infarction (G-AMI) and of healthy sedentary men (G-C) at the anaerobic threshold (AT) and at the peak of the exercise (up to physical exhaustion) during a ramp-type ergospirometric test (R-ET). Methods: 22 volunteers divided into two groups: G-AMI (n=10), 55.6 ± 9.7 years old, undergoing β-blocking therapy (atenolol, dosage 46 ± 9.4 mg/day), Killip classification grade I, and G-C (n=12), 53.3 ± 3.2 years old. The G-C subjects took no type of medication. Experimental protocol: R-ET, with power increments of 10W/min for the G-AMI and of 15W/min for the G-C. The evaluated variables were: heart rate (HR), ventilatory and metabolic, recorded breath-by-breath using an ergospirometer (CPX/D MedGrafics – Breeze, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA). Statistical Analysis: Mann-Whitney tests α = 5%. The power, cardiovascular, ventilatory and metabolic variables obtained from the R-ET at the peak of the exercise, for G-AMI and G-C, presented a statistically significant difference (p0.05). Conclusion: The lower aerobic capacity at the peak of the exercise can be attributed to the use of β-blocking therapy and to prolonged bed rest

Interval training based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold increases cardiac vagal modulation and decreases high-sensitivity c-reative protein: randomized clinical trial in coronary artery disease

Background: Autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory activity are involved in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD), and exercise training has been shown to confer a cardiovascular benefit. Objective: To evaluate the effects that interval training (IT) based on ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) has on heart rate variability (HRV) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, as well as the relationship between both levels, in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors (RF). Method: Forty-two men (aged 57.88±6.20 years) were divided into two training groups, CAD-T (n= 12) and RF-T (n= 10), and two control groups, CAD-C (n= 10) and RF-C (n=10). Heart rate and RR intervals in the supine position, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and hs-CRP levels were measured before and after IT. HRV was analyzed by spectral and symbolic analysis. The CAD-T and RF-T underwent a 16-week IT program of three weekly sessions at training intensities based on the VAT. Results: In the RF-T, cardiac sympathetic modulation index and hs-CRP decreased (p<0.02), while cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased (p<0.02). In the CAD-T, cardiac parasympathetic modulation index increased, while hs-CRP, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures decreased (p<0.02). Both control groups showed increase in hs-CRP parameters (p<0.02). There was a strong and significant association between parasympathetic and sympathetic modulations with hs-CRP. Conclusion: The IT program based on the VAT promoted a decrease in hs-CRP associated with improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation