Lipid remodeling regulator 1 ( LRL

藻類のオイル生産を制御する因子を同定 --有用脂質生産の自在制御に向け大きな一歩--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2019-08-05.Scientists identify protein factors increasing yield of a biofuel precursor in microscopic algae. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2019-08-02.The elucidation of lipid metabolism in microalgae has attracted broad interest, as their storage lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG), can be readily converted into biofuel via transesterification. TAG accumulates in the form of oil droplets, especially when cells undergo nutrient deprivation, such as for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or sulfur (S). TAG biosynthesis under N‐deprivation has been comprehensively studied in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, during which TAG accumulates dramatically. However, the resulting rapid breakdown of chlorophyll restricts overall oil yield productivity and causes cessation of cell growth. In contrast, P‐deprivation results in oil accumulation without disrupting chloroplast integrity. We used a reverse genetics approach based on co‐expression analysis to identify a transcription factor (TF) that is upregulated under P‐depleted conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the mutants showed repression of genes typically associated with lipid remodeling under P‐depleted conditions, such as sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol 2 (SQD2), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTT1), and major lipid droplet protein (MLDP). As accumulation of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and TAG were suppressed in P‐depleted mutants, we designated the protein as Lipid Remodeling reguLator 1 (LRL1). LRL1 mutants showed slower growth under P‐depletion. Moreover, cell size in the mutant was significantly reduced, and TAG and starch accumulation per cell were decreased. Transcriptomic analysis also suggested the repression of several genes typically upregulated in adaptation to P‐depletion that are associated with the cell cycle and P and lipid metabolism. Thus, our analysis of LRL1 provides insights into P‐allocation and lipid remodeling under P‐depleted conditions in C. reinhardtii

Pervasive developmental disorders in campus mental health (1) : Background and secondary psychiatric symptoms <Original Articles>

Problems in adolescents and young adults with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) would be a topic in recent years in campus mental health. We investigated retrospectively about mental problems, diagnosis, secondary psychiatric symptoms and so on with PDD students. We found that many PDD students had secondary psychiatric symptoms. It is important that we understand about mental problems with PDD students and support them early stage after entrance. We have to come up with a method to support PDD students with mental problems at early stage

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Recently, students with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) increase in campus mental health. And we need to help them especially with mental symptoms. We investigated changes of symptoms, time of changes, patterns of personal relationships, and attachment in their infancy of students with PDD and discussed about factors of vulnerability and resilience. Factors of vulnerability were adolescent problem and life events such as admission into university and laboratories. Factors of resilience were attachment for their mother and experience in being helped. These results indicate that it is important to make intervention at admission into university or laboratories, and that when we treat students with PDD, it is necessary to get information about attachment in their infancy and make an assessment of patterns about personal relationships

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Problems in adolescents and young adults with eating disorders would be a topic in recent years in campus mental health. Eating disorders is an important cause of physical and psychosocial morbidity in young adults. We examined the opinion of eating disorders on university students. We found that many students were dissatisfied with their shape and weight, and interested in dieting, but they understood the importance of mental treatment for eating disorders. Our study suggested that further efforts aim to proffer the information of eating disorders and to improve mental health services

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Recently, students with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) / Asperger's syndrome / high functioning autism increase in campus mental health. It is important for students to understand about them. We examined students in knowledge and appreciation about Developmental Disorder using questionnaire. Students who answered "I know about Developmental Disorder" were 119 (29.9%). Most students knew about Developmental Disorder through TV (46.5%), but many students had little knowledge about Developmental Disorder. So there is need for edification about PDD / Asperger's syndrome / high functioning autism