Deteriorated steel culvert under static loading

The paper describes full-scale tests of a 7,25 m long corrugated steel pipe with a diameter of 1.40 m. The corrugation pattern was 125x26mm and the steel was 2 mm thick. The backfill height over the pipe crown was 0,5 m. The deterioration of the tested steel pipe was simulated by removing a part of its bottom. Strain gauges and optical prisms were installed on the metal surface to determine the stresses, internal forces in the metal shell and additionally its deformation. The results of the measurements are presented as graphs and tables. The main goal of the full-scale tests was to assess the performance of the deteriorated steel pipe subjected to static loads and to evaluate the changes in the distribution of the internal forces, caused by the increasing corrosion of the bottom part of the tested pipe

Deteriorated steel culvert under static loading

The paper describes full-scale tests of a 7,25 m long corrugated steel pipe with a diameter of 1.40 m. The corrugation pattern was 125x26mm and the steel was 2 mm thick. The backfill height over the pipe crown was 0,5 m. The deterioration of the tested steel pipe was simulated by removing a part of its bottom. Strain gauges and optical prisms were installed on the metal surface to determine the stresses, internal forces in the metal shell and additionally its deformation. The results of the measurements are presented as graphs and tables. The main goal of the full-scale tests was to assess the performance of the deteriorated steel pipe subjected to static loads and to evaluate the changes in the distribution of the internal forces, caused by the increasing corrosion of the bottom part of the tested pipe

Energy wastes as a substrate in the synthesis of mesoporous materials

Krzemianowe materiały mezoporowate znajdują coraz większe zastosowanie w inżynierii i ochronie środowiska m.in. jako sorbent ditlenku węgla w procesach wychwytywania tego gazu na potrzeby CCS ( Carbon Capture and Storage ). Jednak ich produkcja z odczynników chemicznych jest kosztowna i nieopłacalna. Dlatego też w pracy zbadano możliwość wykorzystania do syntez materiałów mezoporowatych produktów odpadowych, tj. popiołów lotnych klasy F powstających w wyniku spalania węgla kamiennego metodą konwencjonalną. Na wytypowanym do badań materiale popiołowym przeprowadzono serię dwustopniowych reakcji mających na celu otrzymanie materiału mezoporowatego typu MCM-41. Uzyskany produkt reakcji poddano analizom mineralogicznym (XRD, SEM-EDS), chemicznym (XRF) i teksturalnym (powierzchnia właściwa BET, rozkład, objętość i wielkość porów). Analizy mineralogiczne XRD wykazały, że na krzywej dyfrakcyjnej składu mineralnego, w zakresie niskokątowym, obserwuje się charakterystyczne dla materiału MCM-41 refleksy dla odległości międzypłaszczyznowych d = 41,1 Å oraz d = 23,5 Å. W badaniach SEM zaobserwowano sferyczne formy dla otrzymanego produktu syntezy. W swoim składzie chemicznym posiada on ponad 87% krzemionki. Natomiast z analiz teksturalnych wynika, że otrzymany materiał jest mezoporowaty i posiada bardzo wysoką powierzchnię właściwą ponad 800 m 2 /g, z kolei średnia średnica porów wyniosła 90 Å. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników stwierdzić można, że w reakcji syntezy otrzymano materiał typu MCM-41, w związku z czym badany popiół może stanowić substrat do syntez materiałów mezoporowatych.Mesoporous silica materials are increasingly used in engineering and environmental protection, among others, as sorbents of carbon dioxide in the capture process of this gas for the purpose of CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage). However, their production by means of chemicals is expensive and unprofitable. Therefore, the study presents a consideration of the possibility of using mesoporous materials synthesis with waste products, i.e. Class F fly ash resulting from the combustion of coal in a conventional manner. A series of two-step reactions were carried out using the selected fly ash materials in order to obtain mesoporous MCM-41material. The resulting reaction product was subjected to mineralogical (XRD, SEM-EDS), chemical (XRF) and textural (BET specific surface area, distribution, volume and pore size) analysis. The mineralogical analysis indicated that material reflections coming from interplanar distance d = 41.1 Å and d = 23.5 Å are observed on the diffraction curves of mineral composition at low angle range, typical for the MCM-41. From the SEM analysis it is observed spherical grain forms from the obtained synthesis product. The chemical com- position analysis of mesoporous materials has shown over 87% silica. From textural analyses, it is apparent that the resulting material is mesoporous and has a very high specific surface area above 800 m 2 /g, whereas the average pore diameter is 90 Å. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the synthesized reaction material was MCM-41, therefore it can be inferred that the tested fly ash can provide a substrate for synthesis of mesoporous materials

Ultracor - 1-st realization in Europe, design, erection, testing

This paper presents design, realization and testing process of 1-st UltraCor structure in Europe. The scope of the design and intalation is 25.50 m Span, 9.00 m Rise structural plate structure of 500x237mm corrugation with only 9.5 mm plate thickness. Structure will cary the heavy traffic of S7 express road. It was designed for the highest class of loads acc. to Polish Standard. Under the structure there is a local raod and animal crossing

Ultracor - 1-st realization in Europe, design, erection, testing

This paper presents design, realization and testing process of 1-st UltraCor structure in Europe. The scope of the design and intalation is 25.50 m Span, 9.00 m Rise structural plate structure of 500x237mm corrugation with only 9.5 mm plate thickness. Structure will cary the heavy traffic of S7 express road. It was designed for the highest class of loads acc. to Polish Standard. Under the structure there is a local raod and animal crossing