Anaesthesia Management in a Case of Large Ventricular Septal Defect with Eisenmengerisation Undergoing Caesarean Section

Incidence of cardiac disease in pregnancy in developed countries is 0.2-3% and that in developing countries is still higher. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is one of the commonest congenital heart diseases. Pregnant patient with small VSD generally tolerate well but patients with unrepaired large VSD develop pulmonary hypertension and left heart failure over a period of time. If pulmonary pressure reaches systemic levels there is reversal or bidirectional flow. As per WHO classification of maternal cardiac risk disease, pulmonary hypertension is categorized under class 4. Here we report a case management of a pregnant patient with large VSD (15 mm) with severe pulmonary hypertension (105 mmHg) with eisenmengerisation posted for emergency caesarean section. It was done under general anaesthesia with successful maternal and foetal outcome

Improved mechanical and viscoelastic properties of CNT-composites fabricated using an innovative ultrasonic dual mixing technique

Carbon nanotube (CNT) acts as the most promising nanofiller due to its high aspect ratio and exceptional nanoscale-level properties. However, the dispersibility of CNTs in the conventional polymer matrices is a very critical issue in developing the high-strength and light-weight polymer-based nanocomposites. In this study, an attempt was made to develop cluster-free and uniform dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the epoxy matrix using an innovative ultrasonic dual mixing technique. The effect of dispersion of MWCNTs on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of MWCNT-epoxy nanocomposites was comprehensively studied. Our results reveal that the tensile strength and toughness of epoxy nanocomposites with 0.50 wt.% of MWCNTs improved by 21% and 46%, respectively, as compared to neat epoxy. The nanocomposite samples with the same CNT loading show maximum enhancements of 22% and 26% in the lap shear strength and storage modulus, respectively. The tensile fracture surface examination of MWCNT-epoxy nanocomposites using field emission scanning electron microscopy indicated the cluster-free and uniform dispersion of MWC-NTs in the epoxy matrix

P-Reducible Finsler Spaces of Scalar Curvature & Applictions

In this paper we have considered special form of v(hv) -Torsion tensor ) ( j kiijkkijijkijk c hchchcP +++= µλ , where & λµ are scalar function, positively homogeneous of degree one in i y and call such a Finsler space is * P- Reducible Finsler space. We have obtained the role of scalar curvature in * P - Reducible Finsler spaces and got a very important result “if 22 /0 o RL λλ + + ≠ and 2 0 2 ( 1) 0, n λ µ µ µ + + + = 2 0 2 ( 1) 0, n λ µ µ µ + + + = a * P - Reducible Finsler space is a Riemannian space of constant curvature” Subject Classification -53C6

Gas barrier performance of graphene/polymer nanocomposites

Because of its unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, graphene is being explored for various applications and has attracted enormous academic and industrial interest. Graphene and its derivatives have also been considered as promising nanoscale fillers in gas barrier application of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). In this study, recent research and development of the utilization of graphene and its derivatives in the fabrication of nanocomposites with different polymer matrices for barrier application are explored, and most synthesis methods of graphene-based PNCs such as solution and melt mixing, in situ polymerization, and layer-by-layer process are covered. Graphene layers in the polymer matrix are capable of producing a tortuous path, which acts as a barrier for gases. A high tortuosity leads to superior barrier properties and lower permeability of PNCs. The influence of the intrinsic properties of these fillers (graphene and its derivatives) and their state of dispersion in polymer matrix on the gas barrier properties of graphene/PNCs is discussed. Analytical modeling aspects of barrier performance of graphene/PNCs are also reviewed in detail. Key permeability modeling techniques for gas separation mixed matrix membranes are also discussed