Some considerations on the failure of güney waterfall, denizli, turkey

Rock Dynamics Summit, RDS 2019 -- 7 May 2019 through 11 May 2019 -- 244899The Güney Waterfall in Denizli was ruptured by the The 21st July 2003 Buldan earthquake with magnitude 5.6. The ruptured block toppled after 10 years and traveled towards the reservoir of Cindere Dam more than 132 m. The authors attempt to clarify the mechanism and process of the toppling failure of the ruptured block. The authors attempt to analyse the failure process in fundamentally in three stages. The first stage is the initial failure caused by the earthquake. The second stage is the growth of the ruptured block and progress of degradation at the toe of the failed block. Third stage is the final collapse and movement in the valley towards the Cindere Dam reservoir. The pre-rupture stage before the Buldan earthquake and post-rupture and final collapse conditions are analysed through some analytical and numerical techniques to understand the fundamental causes of the failure, which took more than 10 years. This is study is unique in a sense it involves slow and rapid dynamic processes. The authors present the results of the various studies and investigations undertaken so far and and they discuss their implications. © 2019 Taylor ; Francis Group, London

Model tests on rock slopes prone to wedge sliding and some case histories from recent earthquakes

Rock Dynamics Summit, RDS 2019 -- 7 May 2019 through 11 May 2019 -- 244899The wedge failure is one of the common forms of slope failures. In this study, the authors investigate the sliding responses of rock wedges under dynamic loads rather than the initiation of wedge sliding. Firstly some laboratory model tests are described. On the basis of these model tests on rock wedges, the theoretical model proposed previously is extended to compute the sliding responses of rock wedges in time domain. The proposed theoretical model is applied to simulate the sliding responses of rock wedge model tests and its validity is discussed. In the final part, the method proposed is applied to actual wedge failures observed in 1995 Dinar earthquake, 2007 Çameli earthquake and 2005 Pakistan-Kashmir earthquake, and the results are discussed. © 2019 Taylor ; Francis Group, London

Response of Rock Wedges under Dynamic Loading

The stability of rock slopes under dynamic loading in mining and civil engineering depends upon the slope geometry, mechanical properties of rock mass and discontinuities, and the characteristics of dynamic loads with time. The wedge failure is one of the common forms of slope failures. The authors presented some stability conditions for rock wedges under dynamic loading and they confirmed their validity through the laboratory experimental studies in a previous paper in 2000, which is often quoted by others to validate their softwares, including some commercial software. In this study, the authors investigate the sliding responses of rock wedges under dynamic loads rather than the initiation of wedge sliding. First, some laboratory model tests are described. On the basis of these model tests on rock wedges, the theoretical model proposed previously is extended to compute the sliding responses of rock wedges in time domain. The proposed theoretical model is applied to simulate the sliding responses of rock wedge model tests and its validity is discussed. In the final part, the method proposed is applied to actual wedge failures observed in 1995 Dinar earthquake and 2005 Pakistan-Kashmir earthquake, and the results are discussed

Re: Cytoreductive Radical Prostatectomy in Patients with Prostate Cancer and Low Volume Skeletal Metastases: Results of a Feasibility and Case-Control Study: A. Heidenreich, D. Pfister and D. Porres J Urol 2015;193:832-838

PMID = 2604885

geo-archaeological evidence and its geotechnical aspects

The western Aegean region of Turkey is highly populated; the centrally-located city of Izmir is the third largest city in Turkey. This region has suffered very large earthquakes in the past, of which one of the most devastating occurred in 1928. Some areas are particularly prone to severe ground liquefaction. This study is concerned with the earthquake potential of the region, focusing on a possible earthquake faulting mechanism and its associated characteristics based on historical and current regional seismicity, tectonics, crustal deformation and geo-archaeological evidence. The first part of the study presents a faulting mechanism, tectonics, recurrences and the fundamental characteristics of existing faults and past earthquakes. Then, the characteristics of potential earthquakes are discussed in light of evaluations of recent crustal deformation and empirical relations developed for Turkey by the first author. The final part presents geotechnical aspects, including liquefaction and the characteristics of strong ground motions recorded in the region, such as spectral acceleration, attenuation of maximum ground acceleration and velocity. Furthermore, their possible implications are discussed in view of current Turkish seismic design codes. The faulting mechanism of regional earthquakes has indicated that the classical horst-graben concept does not explain the earthquake mechanism in the region of concern. The magnitude of earthquakes inferred from the length and type of known active faults may be up to 7.7. Based on an evaluation of crustal deformation in the region, the highest disturbing stress and mean stress concentration with a compressive character occurs in close proximity to A degrees zmir. The spectral accelerations generally exceed those of Turkish seismic design codes. The liquefaction potential in areas of alluvial quaternary deposits is particularly high and is one of the major geotechnical issues in light of historical records and evaluations presented in this manuscript

How to infer the possible mechanism and characteristics of earthquakes from the striations and ground surface traces of existing faults

The instrumented period for earthquakes is relatively short to understand their mechanism and characteristics in many countries. Even at present time, there are many areas in the world where seismic instruments are still insufficient. Therefore, it is very difficult to know the mechanism and the characteristics of future earthquakes in any place because of either the lack of instrumentation and/or the shortness of the instrumented period. In this article, the authors present a methodology for inferring the possible mechanism and characteristics of earthquakes from the ground surface traces and striations of existing faults. The methodology is then applied to the faults of certain locations in Turkey and compared with actual observations in order to see its validity and applicability. © 2002, Japan Society of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved

Dynamic model tests on the babadağ-gündoğdu landslide (Denizli-turkey)

Rock Dynamics Summit, RDS 2019 -- 7 May 2019 through 11 May 2019 -- 244899Long term creep like Gündoğdu landslide which is moving in various annual rates along the dip direction of bedding planes of sandstone-marl layers is seen in Babadağ town of Denizli city. In this study, the sliding behavior of Gündoğdu landslide was investigated by means of laboratory tests on a slope model which was prepared in accordance with in-situ geological conditions. For this purpose, series of laboratory tests including tilting tests and dynamic shaking table tests were carried out. According to tilting test results average values of measured static and calculated kinetic friction angles were determined as 33.8° and 31.13° respectively. Recorded total AE activity for block slide in tilting and dynamic tests were determined as 3.57 for 68.4 mm and 54.2 for 101.2 mm as average values respectively. Critical acceleration values for planar sliding of upper block were determined as 0.45g and 0.22g for the dip angles 16° and 24° of sandstone and marl succession respectively. Block displacements which were developed under dynamic cyclic loads were calculated by a computer program and compared with measured displacements. If obtained critical accelerations develop in the study area in case of a possible earthquake, ongoing mechanism of the Gündoğdu landslide could be affected or triggered. © 2019 Taylor ; Francis Group, London.2009KRM001; Nihon UniversityThe shaking table used in this study was financially supported by an institutional infrastructure project of Pamukkale University (2009KRM001) this support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also grateful to Prof. Dr. Hisataka Tano (Emeritus) from Nihon University for his support and providing AE testing system