Role of insulin resistance and insulin action in polycystic ovary syndrome: a concept review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine-metabolic illness that has alarmingly high rates of infertility and other significant effects on the health of women. This review study highlighted that Insulin appears to damage every part of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovary axis, and insulin resistance in ovarian tissue leads to impaired metabolic signalling but intact mitogenic and steroidogenic activity, favouring hyperandrogenemia, which is thought to be the primary cause of the clinical symptoms of PCOS. This review also enumerates and briefly summarize the research methods related to effects of insulin resistance in PCOS, including molecular mechanism of action of insulin and anabolic processes that stimulate cell growth and differentiation; increase protein and fat storage; and the binding between α, β dimers and receptors on cell surface that results in alteration in gene expression, metabolism and growth

Genetic Algorithm Based for Identification of Heart Disease Risk Factors

The purpose of this thesis was to examine heart disease Angina risk factors. In particular, this Thesis was organized around the central theme of adiposity, which is a prevalent Complication following SCI. Study focused on understanding the relationships between activities of daily living (ADL) and risk factors including central adiposity, lipoproteins, and triglycerides. Using genetic algorithm, while controlling for pertinent covariates such as sex, age, and leisure time physical activity (LTPA), it was found that Mobility ADL (wheeling and transferring) were negatively associated with total and LDL-cholesterol. Study also examined whether individuals who considered themselves to be overweight subsequently had less favorable subjective well-being, and were more likely to report specific secondary complications than individuals who did not consider themselves to be overweight. In summary, the findings suggest that a) participation in specific types of ADL (i.e. Mobility ADL) are associated with a lower risk and should be further explored) elevated perceived adiposity is associated with specific secondary complications and lower subjective well-being. Overall thesis findings support the overwhelming evidence of the benefits of daily physical activity and maintaining a healthy bodyweight in the SCI population DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150512

Application of Support Vector Machine Modeling for the Rapid Seismic Hazard Safety Evaluation of Existing Buildings

The economic losses from earthquakes tend to hit the national economy considerably; therefore, models that are capable of estimating the vulnerability and losses of future earthquakes are highly consequential for emergency planners with the purpose of risk mitigation. This demands a mass prioritization filtering of structures to identify vulnerable buildings for retrofitting purposes. The application of advanced structural analysis on each building to study the earthquake response is impractical due to complex calculations, long computational time, and exorbitant cost. This exhibits the need for a fast, reliable, and rapid method, commonly known as Rapid Visual Screening (RVS). The method serves as a preliminary screening platform, using an optimum number of seismic parameters of the structure and predefined output damage states. In this study, the efficacy of the Machine Learning (ML) application in damage prediction through a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model as the damage classification technique has been investigated. The developed model was trained and examined based on damage data from the 1999 Düzce Earthquake in Turkey, where the building’s data consists of 22 performance modifiers that have been implemented with supervised machine learning

Kinetic and sequence-structure-function analysis of known LinA variants with different hexachlorocyclohexane isomers

BACKGROUND Here we report specific activities of all seven naturally occurring LinA variants towards three different isomers, α, γ and δ, of a priority persistent pollutant, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Sequence-structure-function differences contributing to the differences in their stereospecificity for α-, γ-, and δ-HCH and enantiospecificity for (+)- and (-)-α -HCH are also discussed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Enzyme kinetic studies were performed with purified LinA variants. Models of LinA2(B90A) A110T, A111C, A110T/A111C and LinA1(B90A) were constructed using the FoldX computer algorithm. Turnover rates (min(-1)) showed that the LinAs exhibited differential substrate affinity amongst the four HCH isomers tested. α-HCH was found to be the most preferred substrate by all LinA's, followed by the γ and then δ isomer. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The kinetic observations suggest that LinA-γ1-7 is the best variant for developing an enzyme-based bioremediation technology for HCH. The majority of the sequence variation in the various linA genes that have been isolated is not neutral, but alters the enantio- and stereoselectivity of the encoded proteins.This work was supported by the Indo-Australian Biotechnology Fund from the Department of Education Science and Technology (DEST), Australia and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), India

Development of Silicon Sensor Characterization System for Future High Energy Physics Experiments

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the general purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CeRN and has its tracker built of all silicon strip and pixel sensors. Si sensors are expected to play extremely important role in the upgrades of the existing tracker for future high luminosity environment and will also be used in future lepton colliders. however, properties of the silicon sensors have to be carefully understood before they can be put in the extremely high luminosity condition. At Delhi university (DU), we have been working on the development of Si sensor characterization system, as part of the collaboration with the CMS experiment and RD50 collaboration. this works reports the installation of current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) systems at DU

Kinetic and Sequence-Structure-Function Analysis of Known LinA Variants with Different Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers

BACKGROUND: Here we report specific activities of all seven naturally occurring LinA variants towards three different isomers, α, γ and δ, of a priority persistent pollutant, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Sequence-structure-function differences contributing to the differences in their stereospecificity for α-, γ-, and δ-HCH and enantiospecificity for (+)- and (-)-α -HCH are also discussed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Enzyme kinetic studies were performed with purified LinA variants. Models of LinA2(B90A) A110T, A111C, A110T/A111C and LinA1(B90A) were constructed using the FoldX computer algorithm. Turnover rates (min(-1)) showed that the LinAs exhibited differential substrate affinity amongst the four HCH isomers tested. α-HCH was found to be the most preferred substrate by all LinA's, followed by the γ and then δ isomer. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The kinetic observations suggest that LinA-γ1-7 is the best variant for developing an enzyme-based bioremediation technology for HCH. The majority of the sequence variation in the various linA genes that have been isolated is not neutral, but alters the enantio- and stereoselectivity of the encoded proteins

Role of diffusion weighted MR imaging in differentiating benign from malignant prostate lesions

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion weighted MR imaging and to propose a cut off ADC value in differentiating benign from malignant prostatic lesions considering histopathology as gold standard.Methods: It is a descriptive type of observational study done on 40 patients with clinical suspicion of prostate carcinoma and elevated PSA level more than 4ng/ml. The patients underwent Multiparametric prostate MRI and ADC values were calculated using ADC maps.Results: Of the 40 cases included in the study histopathology revealed a diagnosis of abscess (1), chronic prostatitis (2), BPH with chronic prostatitis (4), BPH (12), and malignancy (21). The mean and standard deviation (SD) of ADC values for the abscess (0.59), CP (0.83+0.16), BPH with CP (0.94+0.22), BPH (1.14+0.14) and malignancy (0.72+0.15) (x10-3mm2/s) were found in our study. The mean ADC value of malignant lesion was lower (0.727+0.149) as compare to benign lesion (1.034+0.216) and this difference was found to be statistically significant with p<0.001. By using ROC curve, ADC cut off value was calculated as 0.92 x 10-3mm2/s and sensitivity, specificity at this cut off value of ADC were 95.24% and 73.68% respectively. The PPV, NPV, diagnostic accuracy of at this cut off value of ADC were 80%, 93.33%, 85% respectively.Conclusions: Our study shows that DWI with ADC calculation helps in differentiation of Benign from Malignant prostatic lesions with high accuracy and this quantitative analysis should be incorporated in routine MRI evaluation of prostatic lesion

Derangement of liver function tests in dengue patients

Background: Changes in the liver function test may serve as an early marker for timely diagnosis and identification of patients who may develop severe dengue. The purpose of this study was to examine the link between dengue fever severity and liver function test. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Madhesh Institute of health sciences, provincial hospital, Janakpurdham in which we included dengue positive patients (aged 18 years or more) based on NS1 antigen or high titer on IgM/IgG testing from July 2023 till August 2023. We excluded patients with diseases like malaria, cirrhosis of liver, enteric fever, viral hepatitis or any other disease or taking any medication which can derange LFT. Results: We included 96 patients fulfilling the study criteria. Of these, 71% had DF, 22% had DHF and 7% had DSS. Among liver enzymes, mean AST of the patients was significantly higher in DSS group of patients (775.19±39.65 U/l), as compared to those in the DF and DHF group of patients, p value &lt;0.01. Similarly, mean ALT of the patients was significantly higher in DSS group of patients (387.8±18.6 U/l), as compared to those in the DF and DHF group of patients, p value&lt;0.01. On the contrary, mean alkaline phosphatase levels were similar between the three patient groups. Conclusions: Based on the results our study, we conclude that raised AST and ALT levels were significantly associated with severity of DSS and DHF. Patients with dengue infection should have a baseline liver function test and subsequent LFT monitoring to detect early hepatic impairment

The search for the 'next' euphoric non-fentanil novel synthetic opioids on the illicit drugs market: current status and horizon scanning

Purpose: A detailed review on the chemistry and pharmacology of non-fentanil novel synthetic opioid receptor agonists, particularly N-substituted benzamides and acetamides (known colloquially as U-drugs) and 4-aminocyclohexanols, developed at the Upjohn Company in the 1970s and 1980s is presentedMethod: Peer-reviewed literature, patents, professional literature, data from international early warning systems and drug user fora discussion threads have been used to track their emergence as substances of abuse.Results: In terms of impact on drug markets, prevalence and harm, the most significant compound of this class to date has been U-47700 (trans-3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide), reported by users to give short-lasting euphoric effects and a desire to re-dose. Since U-47700 was internationally controlled in 2017, a range of related compounds with similar chemical structures, adapted from the original patented compounds, have appeared on the illicit drugs market. Interest in a structurally unrelated opioid developed by the Upjohn Company and now known as BDPC/bromadol appears to be increasing and should be closely monitored.Conclusions: International early warning systems are an essential part of tracking emerging psychoactive substances and allow responsive action to be taken to facilitate the gathering of relevant data for detailed risk assessments. Pre-emptive research on the most likely compounds to emerge next, so providing drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic data to ensure that new substances are detected early in toxicological samples is recommended. As these compounds are chiral compounds and stereochemistry has a large effect on their potency, it is recommended that detection methods consider the determination of configuration