Cholesterol Granuloma of Maxillary Sinus – An Unusual Case

Introduction Cholesterol granuloma is a type of foreign body granuloma found in tissues wherein the cholesterol crystals get accumulated. Quite unusual to be present in maxillary sinus owing to its pathogenesis. Case Report A 12 year old male child diagnosed with antrochoanal polyp, underwent endoscopic sinus surgery and the microscopic analyses revealed maxillary sinus cholesterol granuloma. Discussion Cholesterol granuloma is an uncommon tissue reaction to cholesterol crystals in the maxillary sinus owing to its well-ventilated state and is frequently associated with chronic sinuses disease or trauma. Since its signs and symptoms are non–specific, histopathological analysis is essential for correct diagnosis

Cornu cutaneum of Pinna

Introduction Cornu cutaneum is a nodule of dense keratin, resembling the horn of animals, an uncommon clinical condition predominantly seen in elderly men, and even rare to be seen on the pinna.   Case Report A 70 year old man, presented with a horn like swelling on the left pinna for 2 years. The lesion was excised and histopathological examination did not show any underlying or associated conditions.  Discussion The cause of worry here is not the disfigurement, but the probability of underlying premalignant or malignant condition. Exposure to sunlight is considered as the etiology. Ours being a tropical country where exposure to sunlight could not be avoided, a high clinical vigil and early intervention is recommended to reduce the mortality and morbidity from the spectrum of diseases resembling this condition

Clinical profile of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis patients and the clinical suspects: a descriptive audit

Abstract Background India witnessed a massive surge of rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) cases during the second wave of COVID-19, recording the highest number of cases in the world, indeed, an epidemic within the pandemic. Objectives To describe the clinical profile of patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) and the clinical suspects for mucormycosis. Methods This single-center descriptive, observational study/audit was done at Indira Gandhi Medical College, Pondicherry, South India. This study is about the clinical profile of 7 CAM patients and 14 COVID-19 patients who were suspects of CAM, based on their risk factors and clinical symptoms, and were referred to the ENT department. Statistical analysis All the descriptive variables were summarized as mean, frequency, and percentages for qualitative data. Results All 7 CAM patients were COVID-19 positive and were not vaccinated against COVID-19, All 7 were known diabetic, all 7 had steroid therapy for their COVID status, and 5 out of 7 (71%) had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus at the time of diagnosis. Facial pain, nasal discharge, and eye swelling were the presenting symptoms of CAM. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were the most commonly involved para nasal sinuses. Four out of seven (57.1%) CAM patients survived after 16 months of follow-up, after surgical and medical treatment for CAM. Of the 14 clinical suspects who were negative for CAM, 2 were negative for COVID-19, their risk factors were brought under control, 3 expired due to COVID complications, and 9 patients are alive till date. Conclusion Uncontrolled diabetes is a risk factor for ROCM/CAM, another possible risk factor is steroid therapy, and we hypothesize that COVID infection could also be a possible risk factor that needs to be studied more extensively in a larger sample. Early clinical suspicion, withdrawal of steroids, rapid control of diabetes mellitus, appropriate investigations, and early surgical intervention combined with medical treatment offers better outcome