EPR, optical absorption and superposition model studies of Cr3+

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of Cr3+ doped cesium tetrabromozincate (CTBZ) single crystal is done at room temperature. The hyperfine structure for Cr53 isotope is also obtained. Two magnetically inequivalent sites for Cr3+ are observed. The spin Hamiltonian parameters are evaluated as: D = 234×10-4cm-1, E = 69×10-4cm-1, g = 2.0104, A = 80×10-4 cm-1 for site I and D = 235×10-4 cm-1, E = 70×10-4cm-1, g = 2.0061, A = 82×10-4cm-1 for site II, respectively. The optical absorption spectra are recorded at room temperature. The energy values of different orbital levels are determined. The values of various parameters obtained are: B = 602 cm-1, C = 2504 cm-1, Dq = 1870 cm-1, h = 1.63 and k = 0.21, where B and C are Racah parameters, Dq is crystal field parameter, and h and k are nephelauxetic parameters, respectively. Theoretical zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters for Cr3+ at two sites in CTBZ are evaluated using superposition model and microscopic spin Hamiltonian theory. The theoretical ZFS parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values

Tamper Localization Approach for Reversible Watermarking Algorithm Based on Histogram Bin Shifting

Reversible watermarking is a process which is used to authenticate the multimedia content. It checks the integrity of the digital data in order to recover the original data without any distortion. Industries like as medical services, military organization and legal services which are dealing the sensitive data where the minimal alteration is difficult to be tolerated is the application domain of Reversible watermarking. In this thesis, we have proposed a Tamper localization approach for histogram bin shifting based Reversible watermarking algorithm,where original image can be obtained from the watermarked image without any distortion. Tamper localization approach finds out the tampered region of the image, which is used for the selective rejection of the cover image. General application of reversible watermarking procedure says that the entire image gets rejected at receiver side due to the hash mismatch and authentication failure. By using our approach when the hash mismatch occurs the selected part of the image is rejected. This will reduce the re-transmission overhead on the communication channel and limited bandwidth is required due to small sub-part of re-transmission of the image. Here we are taking the advantage of the multiple minimum and maximum points of the histogram for embedding purpose. This will increase the embedding capacity. We have embedded the hash into smaller sub-part of the image until embedding is possible. The hash is generated through the some known cryptographic hash function such as SHA or MD5. This will help us to find out the tampered region at the receiver end while extracting the hash, in the case of hash mismatch occur in cover image which will lead to selective rejection of the cover images

Crystalline Field Effect on bonding Parameters of VO2+ Ion

The interpretation of g factor of the VO2+ ion doped in defferent single crystals is made using the Stevens model where the symmetry of the crystalline field is tetragonal. The bonding parameters K|| and K┴, choosing the different parametric angle β, are determined. The value of K┴ should be less than 0.048 in order to have a better fit to the experimental g values

FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING INDEX OF CUCURBITA MAXIMA SEEDS AND THEIR LIBS BASED ANTIOXIDANT ELEMENTAL PROFILE

Objective: To assess the free radical scavenging index and antioxidant capacity of C. maxima (Cucurbita maxima) seed extract in vitro and its correlation with the phytoelemental profile, quantitatively assessed by LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy).Methods: A number of in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging assays were performed along with standard as a reference. Reduction capacity and scavenging potential of C. maxima seeds were analyzed in addition to their IC50 values and were compared with respective standards. Quantitative measurements of phytoelements present which is responsible for antioxidant activity is carried out by LIBS.Results: Significant Antioxidant power of the extract was validated by high values of Total Phenolics (18.42 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent) and Total Flavonoids (5.53 mg/g of quercetin equivalent). A result of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (163.4 μM Fe+2/g) clearly reflects its reduction capacity. Percentage inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (69.25), Nitric Oxide (63.63) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (62.09) radicals proves its antioxidant potential undoubtedly, which was further confirmed by their IC50 values. Reducing power was found to increase significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Extent lipid peroxidation was also measured by comparing the results of Ferric thiocyanate assay with the Thiobarbituric acid method. LIBS analysis showed the presence of certain phytoelements viz. Mg, Ca and Na in the extract, which could be responsible for its antioxidant capacity.Conclusion: Thus, the seeds of C. maxima having a combination of antioxidant phytochemicals and phytoelements could be explored for developing as a complementary and alternative medicine for managing oxidative stress including diabetes as well as aging.Keywords: Reactive oxygen species, Cucurbita maxima, Elemental analysis, Laser spectroscop

Exploring potato seed research: a bibliometric approach towards sustainable food security

IntroductionPotato is considered to be complete food that will not only ensure food security but also alleviate poverty. Seed production of potato requires specific temperatures and conditions. In response to the growing emphasis on sustainable production, there has been an increasing focus on research on tuber seed production.MethodsIn our study, we have employed bibliometric analysis to investigate the trends in potato seed research and assess its correlation with sustainable development. Tabular analysis and network analysis are employed in the study to understand the prominent authors and institutions and research trends across time. For this purpose, Biblioshiny and Vosviewer software were used. The steps of bibliometric analysis were used, which included data retrieval from Dimensions software. Owing to its limitations, a major analysis was conducted without affecting the results.Result and discussionIt was found from the analysis that it was SDG 2 that was mostly linked with the theme of potato seed production. The results depicted an increasing trend of publications and citations. Co-authorship analysis of authors showed high linkage among groups of authors that formed clusters while other authors remained disconnected. Among countries United States, China and the United Kingdom had a higher impact on publications and citations. Our analysis showed that there is still scope for collaboration among countries as there is no evidence of multidisciplinary interlinkages. By understanding the current research landscape, identifying influential works and authors, and uncovering collaboration patterns, we can pave the way for future advancements in potato seed production. Ultimately, this research contributes to achieving sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security for future generations

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Chemical Characterization for the Detection of Impurities in Tainted and Natural <i>Curcuma longa</i> from India Using LIBS Coupled with PCA

The present manuscript explores a spectroscopic technique to select turmeric powder, free from impurities, and has compounds of medicinal importance among the tainted and natural turmeric. Six Curcuma longa (turmeric powder) samples, named S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6, were analyzed to discriminate between tainted and natural turmeric using the LIBS and multivariate technique. Other techniques such as UV–Vis, FTIR, and EDX are also used to ascertain the elements/compounds showing the medicinal properties of C. longa. Spectral lines of carbon, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, strontium, barium, and electronic bands of CN molecules were observed in the LIBS spectra of turmeric samples. Spectral signatures of toxic elements such as lead and chromium are also observed in the LIBS spectra of all samples except S6. Adulteration of metanil yellow, a toxic azo dye, is used to increase the appearance of curcumin when the actual curcumin content is low. The presence of spectral lines of lead and chromium in the LIBS spectra of S1 to S5 suggested that it may be adulterated with lead chromate which is used for coloring turmeric. Further, the presence of sulfur in EDX analysis of sample S5 indicates that it may also have been adulterated with metanil (C18H14N3NaO3S). The concentration of samples’ constituents was evaluated using CF-LIBS, and EDX was used to verify the results obtained by CF-LIBS. The principal component analysis applied to the LIBS data of the turmeric samples has been used for instant discrimination between the sample based on their constituents. We also analyzed antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of different turmeric samples and found a negative Pearson correlation with heavy metals. The presence of curcumin in turmeric is confirmed using LIBS and UV–Vis, which have medicinal properties

Chemical Characterization for the Detection of Impurities in Tainted and Natural Curcuma longa from India Using LIBS Coupled with PCA

The present manuscript explores a spectroscopic technique to select turmeric powder, free from impurities, and has compounds of medicinal importance among the tainted and natural turmeric. Six Curcuma longa (turmeric powder) samples, named S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6, were analyzed to discriminate between tainted and natural turmeric using the LIBS and multivariate technique. Other techniques such as UV&ndash;Vis, FTIR, and EDX are also used to ascertain the elements/compounds showing the medicinal properties of C. longa. Spectral lines of carbon, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, strontium, barium, and electronic bands of CN molecules were observed in the LIBS spectra of turmeric samples. Spectral signatures of toxic elements such as lead and chromium are also observed in the LIBS spectra of all samples except S6. Adulteration of metanil yellow, a toxic azo dye, is used to increase the appearance of curcumin when the actual curcumin content is low. The presence of spectral lines of lead and chromium in the LIBS spectra of S1 to S5 suggested that it may be adulterated with lead chromate which is used for coloring turmeric. Further, the presence of sulfur in EDX analysis of sample S5 indicates that it may also have been adulterated with metanil (C18H14N3NaO3S). The concentration of samples&rsquo; constituents was evaluated using CF-LIBS, and EDX was used to verify the results obtained by CF-LIBS. The principal component analysis applied to the LIBS data of the turmeric samples has been used for instant discrimination between the sample based on their constituents. We also analyzed antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of different turmeric samples and found a negative Pearson correlation with heavy metals. The presence of curcumin in turmeric is confirmed using LIBS and UV&ndash;Vis, which have medicinal properties

Isolated empyema necessitans in a renal transplant recipient: A case report

Empyema necessitans is a rare sequel of untreated pleural space infection and is most commonly secondary to tuberculosis. Isolated tuberculous empyema necessitans in a renal transplant recipient is extremely rare. It is an important differential diagnosis of a chest mass in renal transplant recipient. Early identification and treatment prevents progression and morbidity. We hereby report a 62-year-old male renal transplant recipient who presented with classical features of tubercular empyema necessitans and was managed with antitubercular therapy and tube thoracostomy drainage