A Review on Software Performance Analysis for Early Detection of Latent Faults in Design Models

Organizations and society could face major breakdown if IT strategies do not comply with performance requirements. This is more so in the era of globalization and emergence of technologies caused more issues. Software design models might have latent and potential issues that affect performance of software. Often performance is the neglected area in the industry. Identifying performance issues in the design phase can save time, money and effort. Software engineers need to know the performance requirements so as to ensure quality software to be developed. Software performance engineering a quantitative approach for building software systems that can meet performance requirements. There are many design models based on UML, Petri Nets and Product-Forms. These models can be used to derive performance models that make use of LQN, MSC, QNM and so on. The design models are to be mapped to performance models in order to predict performance of system early and render valuable feedback for improving quality of the system. Due to emerging distributed technologies such as EJB, CORBA, DCOM and SOA applications became very complex with collaboration with other software. The component based software systems, software systems that are embedded, distributed likely need more systematic performance models that can leverage the quality of such systems. Towards this end many techniques came into existence. This paper throws light into software performance analysis and its present state-of-the-art. It reviews different design models and performance models that provide valuable insights to make well informed decisions

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences An Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Atazanavir and Ritonavir in Tablet Dosage Forms by Using UPLC

ABSTRACT The present work was undertaken with the aim to develop and validate a rapid and consistent UPLC method in which the peaks will be appear with short period of time as per ICH guidelines. The UPLC separation was achieved on a Symmetry C 18 (2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 m, Make: BEH) or equivalent in an isocratic mode. The mobile phase was composed of phosphate buffer (40%) [pH 2.5] and acetonitrile (60%). The flow rate was monitored at 0.25 ml per min. The wavelength selected for the detection was 249 nm. The run time was 4 min. The retention time found for Atazanavir and Ritonavir were 0.819 and 1.236 min. respectively. The % recovery was found 98.75 -101.01 % for Atazanavir and 99.05 -100.39 % for Ritonavir. The linearity was established in the range of 30 to 90 g/ml for Atazanavir and 10 to 30 g/ml for Ritonavir. The LOD found for Atazanavir and Ritonavir were 0.026 and 0.048 µg/ml respectively. The LOQ found for Atazanavir and Ritonavir were 0.096 and 0.15 µg/ml respectively. Overall the proposed method was found to be suitable, sensitive, reproducible, specific and accurate for the quantitative determination of the drug in tablet dosage form

STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT & VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF DUTASTERIDE AND TAMSULOSIN IN BULK AS WELL AS IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY USING PDA DETECTOR

ABSTRACT Objective: The present work was undertaken with the aim to develop and validate a rapid and consistent stability indicating RP-HPLC in which the peaks will be appear with short period of time as per ICH Guidelines. The proposed method was simple, fast, accurate and precise method for the Quantification of drug in the dosage form, bulk drug as well as for routine analysis in Quality control. Method: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Tamsulosin hydrochloride and Dutasteride in bulk drug and in combined dosage forms. RP-HPLC separation was achieved on a Symmetry C18 (4.6 x 150mm, 5mm, Make: XTerra) under an Isocratic Mode. The mobile phase was composed of Phosphate Buffer (20%) whose pH was adjusted to 2.5 by using Orthophosporic Acid & Acetonitrile (80%) [HPLC Grade]. The flow rate was monitored at 0.8 ml per min. The wavelength was selected for the detection was 274 nm. Result: The run time was 7min. The retention time found for the drugs Dutasteride & Tamsulosin were 2.003 min. & 5.067 min. respectively. The linearity was established in the range of 25 to 125µg/ml. The proposed method was adequate sensitive, reproducible, and specific for the determination of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin hydrochloride in bulk as well as in Pharmaceutical dosage form. The validation of method was carried out utilizing ICH-guidelines. Conclusion: The described RP-HPLC method was successfully employed for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing combined dosage form. The drug was exposed to Thermal, Hydrolytic and Oxidative stress conditions and the stressed samples were analyzed by the proposed method. The peak homogeneity data for the drugs Dutasteride and Tamsulosin hydrochloride were obtained by using Photodiode Array Detector in the stressed sample chromatograms which demonstrated the specificity of the method for the estimation in the presence of degradants. Overall the proposed method was found to be suitable and Accurate for the Quantitative determination and stability study of the drug in Pharmaceutical dosage form. . The method was effectively separated the drug from its degradation product and it was employed as a stability- indicating one. The method was simple, precise, accurate and sensitive and applicable for the simultaneous determination of Dutasteride and Tamsulosin hydrochloride in bulk drug and in combined dosage forms. Keywords: Tamsulosin, Dutasteride, ICH Guideline, RP-HPLC, LOD, LOQ