Onychomadesis- A Late Manifestation of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: A Case Series

Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD) is one of the most common viral illness that is characterised by fever below 38.3°C, painful oral lesions on the tongue and buccal mucosa and macular, maculopapular or vesicular skin lesions on the soles and palms. Many viruses are implicated in HFMD, such as Coxsackievirus A5, A6, A7, A9, A10, A16 (most common), B1, B2, B3, B5, Echoviruses E3, E4, E9 and Enterovirus 71. The illness is usually mild and self-limiting. HFMD due to enterovirus 71, is associated with a severe illness complicated by aseptic meningitis, acute flaccid paralysis, pulmonary oedema and heart failure. Onychomadesis is a very rare complication of HFMD, typically occurring third to eight week of onset of illness. This is characterised by the detachment of the nail plate from the proximal nail fold by a full thickness sulcus. It is postulated that viral infection causes inflammation around the nail matrix either due to direct effect or due to the deposition of immune complexes secondary to distal thromboembolism. Here, authors report six children of different age groups, who were affected with onychomadesis during an outbreak of HFMD in the month of February to May 2022 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. All these six children developed onychomadesis following HFMD, after a couple of weeks. Both upper and lower limb nails were involved. Other causes of onychomadesis like chronic illness, nutritional deficiencies, drug ingestion, periungual dermatitis, trauma were ruled out. Children were given supportive care and were followed-up. The changes in nails spontaneously regressed after a couple of weeks

Synergetic effect induced/tuned bimetallic nanoparticles (Pt-Ni) anchored graphene as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction and scalable SS-314L serpentine flow field proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)

© 2022 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/A simple design of electroactive and cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is crucial towards energy conversion in the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we synthesized a stable electroactive bimetallic catalyst of Ni anchored with low loading of Pt nanoparticles, and graphene used as a supportive material for catalyst integration (Pt3-Ni/G). It exhibited maximum electrochemical surface area (ECSA, 108.56 m2/gPt), mass activity (2.2 A mgPt) and specific activity (3.47 mA cm-2), signifying an excellent ORR activity. In addition, a scalable PEMFC fabrication through 0.2 mgPtcm-2 Pt3-Ni/G as cathode with an active area of 25 cm2 and stainless steel-314L (SS-314L) used as a serpentine flow field. This strategy provides a maximum power output of 71.25 W mgPt-1 at current density 1.59 A cm-2. In addition, Pt3-Ni/C//Pt/C, based PEMFC system delivered a constant power output (68.75 W mgPt-1) even after 4 h of continuous cycling.This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2014R1A6A1030419). This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2020112382). The authors also wish to acknowledge the support and facilities offered by the PSG management, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, PSG Sons & Charities, Coimbatore, India.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version